Russia is the biggest country in the world. Its open spaces can be called endless, as they stretched over more than 17 million square meters. km, and this is almost 12% of the entire surface of the Earth.
Russia is an industrialized state with rich deposits of gas, oil and other minerals. That is what helped her to take a leading position among other countries, which are almost 100% dependent on the fuel produced. The industrial cities of Russia (a list will be given below) form the basis of the economic development of the state. There are about 300 such centers. They are located in the Far East, the Urals, and in the northern part of the Caucasus. Some of the cities are located in the center of Russia.
Classification
So, what is the feature of industrial centers and which of them are the most-most? Industrial cities of Russia can be divided into several groups, focusing on certain signs:
- The first group unites the centers that were built during the Soviet Union. After the perestroika, the plants and factories were privatized and transferred to new standards. Of course, modernization required a lot of time and finances, but now these plants comply with European standards. There are about 150 cities in this group; these are Surgut, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, etc.
- The second group includes part of the centers, which are the so-called industrial consumers. It is headed by the Moscow region.
- The third group is the industrial centers of Russia. Cities have a favorable geographical position, but for some reason have not yet undergone modernization. In order to fully restore their potential, it is necessary to inject a lot of money. In the meantime, these cities are developing at the expense of other areas, such as large ports, transport hubs, and tourism.
- The fourth group is innovative. Industry in these cities works with the latest technology. They can be called the basis of the state, which allows it to fully develop.
- The fifth group includes the two most important cities in Russia. Moscow and St. Petersburg have a great influence on the entire industrial sector of the country.
Let us consider in more detail the industrial cities of Russia. The list of the largest of them is presented below.
First place - Moscow
The capital of the Russian Federation has an annual turnover of 1,900 billion rubles. Here, industries such as engineering, gas and oil refining are most developed. The pharmaceutical and food industries are also growing quite rapidly. On the territory of Moscow, large factories and factories work, there are many garages, warehouses and various bases, engineering and research centers. It is worth noting that the capital is the largest
transportation hub, which fully affects the development of the railway, automobile and aviation industries.
St. Petersburg - the second position in the list
Its annual turnover is about 1300 billion rubles. The following industries make the main contribution: ferrous metallurgy, food processing, machine building, shipbuilding, etc. St. Petersburg rightfully occupies a leading position in the list of “Large Industrial Cities of Russia”. Global corporations such as Nissan, Intel, Toyota are successfully working here. All of them produce products that meet European standards. The chemical industry deserves special attention. Achievements in this area brought Russia to the world level.
Third place - Surgut
Located in the north of the country, Surgut is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia. Its turnover is more than 800 billion rubles. Thanks to the
extraction of gas and oil and its subsequent processing, the economic well-being of the city is growing rapidly. In comparison with similar centers, Surgut is an impeccable leader. Almost all enterprises are on the balance sheet of OJSC “Surgutneftegas”. There is also a fairly well-developed electric power industry.
Nizhnevartovsk in the top five
The city is located in the Urals. The wealth of the region is mainly due to the largest oil field. It also produces and processes gas, which is then exported to many countries in Europe. In the north are the
industrial cities of Russia, thanks to which the well-being of the whole country is improving. For example, Nizhnevartovsk contributes almost 500 billion rubles to the total treasury, which allows it to occupy the 4th place in the rating. The oil and gas complex is led by Rosneft, which includes such large enterprises as NNP, Samotlorneftegaz, etc. It is also worth noting the RussNeft company, which was created thanks to the financial support of the large Swiss concern Glencore.
Fifth place - Omsk
The millionth city of Omsk is the administrative center. First of all, it is the largest transport hub. Its turnover reaches 400 billion rubles. Food and light industry, aerospace and chemical, as well as oil refining are well developed here.
The main giant enterprises are owned by Gazprom. Even during World War II, the largest factories and plants were evacuated here, the main specializations of which are engineering and the petrochemical industry.
Sixth place - Perm
The diversified industry of Perm is important in the economic development of the country. The annual income is 350 billion rubles. Mostly heavy
industry is developed here
: woodworking, machine-building, gas and oil refining. A significant contribution is also made by such industries as the chemical, electric power, as well as food and printing. The average salary in the
Perm Territory for 2013 amounted to almost 25 thousand rubles. Thanks to this, Perm was included in the list of "Large Industrial Cities of Russia", having quite high rates.
The capital of the republic of Bashkortostan is Ufa
The seventh position in the ranking of industrial cities of Russia is Ufa. On its territory there is a large concentration of various industries. The most important sectors are wood and metal, oil refining, engineering. Thermal power plants also play an important role in economic development. The construction of a nuclear power plant was started here, however, after the Chernobyl accident, all work was suspended. Currently, according to the federal program, the construction of a nuclear power plant is still planned.
Eighth place - Norilsk
The northernmost city of Norilsk is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The population in it is about 150 thousand people. Living conditions here are quite complicated, mainly due to climatic conditions. The most developed mining and metallurgical industries and non-ferrous metals industry. Being in eighth place in the rating "Large Industrial Cities of Russia", Norilsk has a turnover of 300 billion rubles. The main part of the income is the
extraction of gold, palladium, platinum and other precious metals.
Ninth place - Chelyabinsk
The only city in Russia with a new self-government scheme. Chelyabinsk is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. This is a fairly large center with a turnover of 300 billion rubles. Almost 50% of all manufactured products is ferrous metallurgy. Also worth noting are industries such as instrument making, metal processing, and mechanical engineering. Light industry is also well developed here. Industrial cities of Russia, in particular Chelyabinsk, are famous for high-quality alloys. It is here that most of the ore is processed, rails, pipes, as well as tractors, cranes, loaders, are manufactured.
Completes the top ten leaders of Novokuznetsk
Located Novokuznetsk in Western Siberia. The volume of industrial income is 260 billion rubles. It has a well-developed coal mining industry, which is one of the largest in the country. Also, metallurgy and metalworking play an important role in the economy. There are quite significant enterprises involved in energy. The city has more than 50 factories and factories, which allows it to occupy tenth place in the top 10 "The largest industrial cities of Russia." Unfortunately, since 2013, there have been massive reductions in some sectors.