Entrepreneurship has laid its roots since the time of Ancient Russia. The basis of it was trade, which developed on the territory of cities that exported and imported. As we know, the famous trade routes “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed through Russia at that time.
In Russia, entrepreneurs and merchants did not stand out as a separate estate. Almost all sectors of society were engaged in entrepreneurship. Russia has been engaged in such entrepreneurial activities for centuries. The wide development of credit relations is a confirmation of the successful development of entrepreneurship in Russia. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the vigorous activity of the Stroganov merchants became a symbol of entrepreneurship. The founder of this kind introduced trade not only in the country, but also with other countries. In the 15th century, Moscow was famous for its wide trade relations among peasants. In the shops they sold handicrafts. Merchants had trade relations with Lithuania, Crimea, Persia, Kafa, Khiva, Bukhara, Azov ... All this contributed to the fact that Russia was already in the 16-17th centuries. It has a well-developed trade chain. That is, the history of entrepreneurship in Russia has been actively developing.
In these years, all-Russian trade has arisen, i.e., trade has also developed between separate regions of the country. Already in the 17th century. the merchant and merchants class stood out as a special group of posad or city people. The largest entrepreneurs received the title of “guest” from the king. It was considered the most prestigious and honorable. To get this title, the merchant had to have at least 20 thousand turnover. Together with the title they are exempted from paying subordinates, held high financial positions, and received the right to buy estates. At that time, commercial and entrepreneurial 6 main routes started from Moscow: Belomorsky, Smolensky, Volga, Ukrainian, Siberian and Novgorod. In the era of Peter the Great, the best qualities and conditions were created for the expansion and development of Russian entrepreneurship. Scientists and historians argue that with his reforms, Peter first opened the way to instrumental entrepreneurship. Also note that most of the merchants and entrepreneurs of that time were former peasants. Among them are such entrepreneurs as the Prokhorovs, Morozovs, Grachevs and others ...
Already in the era of Catherine II, the need to obtain “permits” to open an enterprise and its structure was abolished. Catherine II also abolishes monopolies and introduces complete freedom of trade. And finally, in 1785, Russian entrepreneurship received a long-awaited letter of appreciation from it. Connections with which their official position is greatly elevated. According to this letter, all merchants were divided into 3 guilds. The first group, i.e., guilds, included merchants who had a capital of about 10 thousand rubles. The second group includes merchants with a capital of 5-10 thousand rubles. The third guild - from 1 to 5 thousand rubles of capital. The great reforms of Alexander II of the 60-70s of the 19th century divided the history of Russian entrepreneurship into two parts - pre-reform and post-reform periods. The post-reform period, which lasted until 1913, is called the golden age of entrepreneurship. In general, the achievements of Russian entrepreneurship until the end of the 19th century were simply amazing. But everything changed after 1917. A new stage in the history of entrepreneurship in Russia began in 1992. This was the beginning of state entrepreneurship in Russia. The government has proclaimed a transition to markets. Now the state is actively engaged in entrepreneurship, that is, it controls entrepreneurship. The development of Russia largely depends on it. This is a brief history of entrepreneurship in Russia.
So, already knowing what the history of entrepreneurship in Russia is and the current state entrepreneurship in Russia, we must improve this system and try to raise it to a new level of development. The history of the development of Russian entrepreneurship actually requires a deeper study, which the scope of this article does not allow us.