In the article, we will analyze what unions are. This is relevant to the morphology section. In the picture below you can see the answer to the question of what parts of speech are in the Russian language.
The peculiarity of the unions is that they do not belong to independent members of the proposal and do not change, like verbs or adverbs. So, more details.
Definition
Below is an image with the answer to the question: "What is a union?". We highlight three points:
- Unions belong to the service parts of speech. What does this mean? What are alliances for? This is a communication method that is used to connect homogeneous members, simple sentences that are part of a complex.
- Morphemes cannot be distinguished in them, since they are whole and indivisible.
- These are not independent members of the proposal.
Communication Examples
Unions differ from prepositions: they are not related to the grammatical features of neighboring words. They do not require nouns to be in a specific case. This is a higher level syntax link. At the same time, unions can be repeated, although this is absolutely not necessary. Consider in more detail proposals with unions:
- He hung the portrait in place and looked thoughtfully out the window. “And” connects homogeneous predicates.
- The lessons were canceled because the air temperature was very low. “Because” connects two parts of one complex sentence.
- We often forget memorable dates, the names of friends, birthdays of loved ones. We also show inattention to our colleagues at work. "And also" combines the meaning of two separate sentences in the text.
Types of Unions
Your attention is invited to the table. Unions differ in the way they are formed, which can be clearly seen just below:
| Way of education |
| Non-derivatives | With the help of simple alliances, without a genetic link to other parts of speech ( a, but, or, yes ) |
| Derivatives | 1. By combining two non-derivative unions ( as if ) 2. By combining the word-generalization and the non-driveable union ( until then) 3. By combining a non-derivative union and an index word (in order ) 4. From other parts of speech ( so that, though, for now ) |
The table shows that from the point of view of morphology, unions in the Russian language are divided into simple, which consist of one base ( and, for ), and compound (two or more). An example of the second kind: while. Compounds, in turn, are divided into double and repeating. In doubles, an obligatory part can be allocated.
Example: "Not so much he wanted, as circumstances required." More often there are other options: "If it is cloudy on the street, then he absolutely does not want to get up early." Among the repeating the most common: neither ... nor, or ... or, then ... then. Example: "Neither she nor he were ready to take a step towards each other."
You should pay attention to spelling: all compound (derivative) unions are written separately. Example: "She was happy because no one noticed her absence."
The diagram above shows that, depending on the syntactic attribute, all unions are divided into two types: composing and subordinate.
The former bind simple sentences with equal rights in meaning, as well as homogeneous members. The second occurs when the parts are not equal. One sentence is subordinate to another and you can ask a question from him. In turn, they have a finer gradation. Examples are presented in the table in the picture below.
Composing Unions
To understand the meaning in which these unions are used, consider the table.
| Title | Value | Examples |
| Connecting | And this and that | You need to read not only scientific, but also fiction. |
| Dividing | Or this, or that | Either she fell ill, or she simply experienced a slight discomfort due to fatigue. |
| Nasty | Not this, but that | He wanted to call her, but changed his mind. |
It can be seen from the table proposed in the picture that other creative unions are sometimes distinguished. These are explanatory and connecting. It is found in the Russian language and such a thing as comparative unions. But they are more often referred to the first option - connecting. Example: "Both the children and the parents did not accept the new teacher."
Subordinate Unions
By combining unequal components and pointing to the dependence of one on the other, subordinate unions are used not only to connect proposals, but also homogeneous and heterogeneous members.
Examples: "The series is interesting, although somewhat protracted." Here “though” relates homogeneous definitions. What unions are used for such compounds? It's as if, than, as if . Example: "The lake is like a mirror in winter."
We give the categories of subordinate unions, but note: some can be attributed to several at once. Examples of multi-valued: to (explanatory and target); when (conditional and temporary).
| Discharge name | Unions | Examples |
| Temporary | When, barely, bye, only | He went for walks until autumn came. |
| Causal | Since, because, for | You cannot talk loudly in the classroom, as this distracts other students. |
| Conditional | If, if, if | If you eat irregularly, you can ruin the stomach. |
| Target | So that | You need to drink purified water so as not to poison. |
| Concessional | Despite the fact that although | She spoke quieter, although he continued to scream. |
| The consequences | So that | We need to hurry, so we can do without breakfast. |
| Comparative | Like, exactly, as if, than | He pounced on food, as if he had never eaten such yummy before. |
| Explanatory | How to that | She did not understand how he could do this. |
You should pay attention to the spelling of the unions. Most often they are written together (with atoms, too, too ). They must be distinguished from another part of speech - prepositions with adverbs. Only compound unions are written separately, as well as “that is” and “that is”.