The development of television and the Internet has enabled ordinary citizens to learn more about the history of foreign countries, their culture and national characteristics. Now the classic English detective story can be watched by the family in a dozen versions of the movie, but the key word for each of the productions is constable. The concept is mentioned so often that it has become associated with the ordinary policeman. However, this state of affairs does not reveal the entire depth of the old term.
From France to the UK
The concept has migrated from English and is a direct transcription for constable. The closest cognate is called the French connetable, and both definitions in the Middle Ages indicated a specific position - the "great equestrian" at court. Not surprisingly, they come from a common root: in Latin, the constable is comes stabuli, the “chief of the stable”. There are versions in some countries that have never been ruled by the British crown: the Estonian konstaabel is an example of this.
From the stable to the palace
History has created many original interpretations. For several centuries, the meaning of the word "constable" acquired new meanings and lost the former. In England, the position corresponded to the status of a regularly elected headman who kept order. From the end of the 13th century, the following were added to the list of duties:
- collection of fines;
- road repair;
- help to the poor;
- collection of militias;
- supply of the militia with weapons.
Later, a tax collection function appeared. In parallel there was a court post of the same name, combining powers in the judicial system and military administration. In the XVI century, it lost its status, and in the XVIII century it completely disappeared, appearing as a temporary appointment only at coronations.
In everyday communication
What about now? Today, the constable is a position demanded by the state, not always highly paid, but honorable. There are three relevant interpretations:
- In the United Kingdom, its former colonies and several other countries - a police officer;
- In Great Britain - the commandant or caretaker of a fortress or palace.
- The historical designation for the court rank in medieval England and Scotland.
Most often you will hear the first option. Solemn events on behalf of the royal family are too rare, and fortress managers are usually called modern synonyms.
Therefore, when traveling abroad do not be afraid to say “constable”. This is a polite and appropriate appeal to a law enforcement officer, which allows you to attract attention and maintain a conversation. Of course, if a policeman with a high rank does not turn out to be an interlocutor, he is ready to take offense for “demotion”. But such situations are exceptional, and you can always refer to poor knowledge of the language in order to correct a mistake.