An important part of the process of organizing labor in production is the organization of the workplace. The performance depends on the correctness of this process. An employee of the company should not be distracted in his activities from fulfilling the tasks assigned to him. For this, it is necessary to pay due attention to the organization of his workplace. This will be discussed later.
general characteristics
Servicing jobs at the enterprise is an important condition for high productivity and quality of work. Considerable attention is paid to this process. The workplace is the primary link in the production system. It is run by a single employee or an entire team. It consists of several elements. These include:
- area for production;
- technological equipment;
- appliances and compartments for storing various materials, including blanks, scrap, waste and finished products;
- compartments for storing tools, devices;
- transport and lifting devices;
- devices for labor safety, as well as improving convenience.
In the process of creating a workplace, much attention is paid to its proper organization. This work includes measures to create the appropriate conditions that are necessary for the employee to perform the functions assigned to him. In the process of organizing a workplace, it is equipped with the necessary equipment, tools, signal and transport devices.
Particular attention is paid to creating comfortable conditions for the employee. The layout should be rational. This will significantly reduce the time of servicing the workplace, increase labor productivity.
Service Objects
The service system for jobs includes several objects. These include means, objects and subjects of labor. For each of this category specific actions are provided.
In the process of introducing means of labor, a set of necessary works is carried out. They include providing the workplace with the necessary tool, its timely sharpening, maintenance and repair. This category also includes equipment setup. It can be performed comprehensively or only partially for certain systems and mechanisms.
Work aimed at servicing the means of labor include energy impacts. Such actions are aimed at providing the site with various types of energy that are necessary during the production process. Actions are being taken to maintain the units and mechanisms in working condition. This is prevention, repair. The company’s management should also allocate appropriate resources for the ongoing repair of premises, equipping workplaces with new, high-tech equipment.
During the service, attention is also paid to objects of labor. This group includes actions aimed at their storage, transportation and control. In the course of this work, reception and accounting, storage of various materials is performed. Parts and tools are completed, and then issued for further work. Loading and unloading operations are organized. Also in this category of actions include quality control of materials, raw materials and finished products.
The third component of the job management system is to provide the employee with everything necessary. This group includes its supply of necessary information. The work is subject to distribution, during which each employee is assigned specific production tasks. Attention is paid to the issues of sanitary and hygienic services.
Organized catering, household objects. It is also required to provide high-quality medical care, to carry out labor protection measures. The cultural sphere also does not go unnoticed.
Types of Control Systems
The service system for jobs can be centralized, decentralized and mixed. In the first case, the work is carried out by functional services common to the whole production. With a decentralized approach to the organization of the workplace, such functions are performed by the services of the workshop and the site.
Often there is a combined service system. In this case, the central department takes on some of the functions, and a certain list of work is performed by employees of the structural unit.
According to experts, the centralized system of organization is characterized by significant economic advantages. It allows you to use existing resources more rationally. The efforts of the relevant employees will be concentrated in the right period. Internal production planning is carried out more harmoniously. This allows you to optimize maintenance costs.
Maintenance of equipment and workplaces under a decentralized system allows shop managers to employ auxiliary employees subordinate to themselves. Work in this case is carried out promptly. However, the auxiliary personnel with such a service system cannot be evenly occupied, fully loaded with work. This does not allow the rational use of available resources.
Most often, the service is carried out according to a mixed system. The choice of approaches to carrying out such actions depends on the type, scale of the production process. It is also affected by the structure of the enterprise’s divisions, equipment features, and the complexity of the finished product. The main criterion for choosing a system is the cost of material and labor resources that are allocated for this process.
Service Principles
Maintenance of the workplace is carried out in accordance with a number of principles. They are the basis for this work. The fundamental principles of this process are flexibility, cost-effectiveness, high quality, as well as courtesy and prevention.
Before conducting such procedures, the management will coordinate its actions with the operational planning of the course of the main production process. It also requires the delivery of everything necessary for the work of employees, such as materials, tools and other necessary things.
When developing a service schedule, the regulations of the main production are taken into account. To carry out such work, the most suitable time should be chosen. If maintenance requires stopping the equipment, such work is planned to be carried out in between shifts, on non-working days.
In order for the procedure to be economical and of high quality, attention is paid to the compliance of the qualifications of the workers with the requirements put forward. At the same time, their optimal number is selected, tasks for each of them are clearly specified. Support staff should be provided with all necessary materials, tools.
The service time for the workplace should be as short as possible. Equipment downtime is not acceptable. This negatively affects productivity, economic profit and production profitability.
Forms of work
Workplace maintenance can take several forms. It is on duty, preventative or standard in nature. The first form of service is characteristic of small-scale as well as single production. In this case, the appropriate personnel are called to the workplace as necessary.
The service, which is built on duty, is not always able to ensure the timely implementation of the actions required at a given time. Therefore, with such a scheme, equipment downtime is possible. However, the advantage of this work is its simplicity.
During the scheduled preventive maintenance for each object, an appropriate schedule for the necessary work is being built. This approach is often found in mass production. The schedule allows you to carry out the procedure efficiently, with minimal cost.
The disadvantage of this scheme is the need for significant training. Service departments should work in this case rhythmically, harmoniously. This ensures no downtime.
Rationing of service jobs can be performed according to standard schemes. This greatly facilitates the procedure for coordinating the work schedules of maintenance and key personnel. In this case, equipment downtime is virtually eliminated. Maintenance procedures are carried out on schedule without fail. In this case, the scope of work, as well as the timing of its implementation, is clearly regulated.
Workers of auxiliary services with the standard service scheme are as busy as possible. The cost of time and resources in this case is reduced. The quality of work is on top. Such a system is used for large-scale and mass production of finished products.
Rationing
Standards for servicing the workplace are set separately for each production. For this, a series of observations is carried out. Each stage of the production process should take a certain amount of time. Service in this case is divided into technical and organizational. They have a number of features.
Maintenance includes a number of procedures. Each of them during the planning of the production process requires the correct standardization of time. This category of actions includes changing a blunt tool, editing and changing a grinding wheel.
During maintenance, pre-adjustment, adjustment of machines. It also requires periodic sweeping and sweeping. This allows you to clear the space for subsequent work. Maintenance time for the workplace should be kept to a minimum.
The second category is organizational services. These actions are carried out in order to correctly and quickly complete all technological operations. First, inspection, testing of equipment. The tool necessary for work is laid out. At the end of the shift, it is removed.
Further, the equipment is lubricated, cleaned. During such procedures, the employee may receive the required briefing regarding the correctness of the actions taken by him. Completing organizational services cleaning the workplace.
Primary requirements
Regardless of the system and type of actions taken, the time for operational maintenance of the workplace should be minimal, clearly consistent with the established schedule. In addition to this requirement, there are a number of factors that must be taken into account when developing and conducting such actions.
One of the main requirements is a clear delineation of specialization for each employee of the group in accordance with their service functions. All actions must be regulated. They are carried out in accordance with the developed plan. All actions must be clearly connected in time and space.
During such procedures, preventive work should be provided. At all production sites, such procedures should be performed promptly and efficiently. This takes into account the specifics of production.
It is also unacceptable that unforeseen, unjustified expenses arise during the execution of tasks assigned to the personnel. The procedure should be carried out according to the established plan, which allows it to be economical.
Work sequence
When calculating the norms of time for servicing the workplace, as well as the main points of this process, adhere to a certain sequence. First, the responsible employee draws up a general list of work that needs to be performed for a particular object.
After that, the tasks are distributed in accordance with the developed plan. Part of the responsibilities for servicing the workplace is charged with the duties of the main workers. Certain parts of the plan are the sole responsibility of specialized service providers.
Certain types of work can be performed by key personnel. Support services are involved when the time costs of production workers exceed the shift-time fund at this facility. In this case, the work of the support staff will be appropriate.
Further actions
During the maintenance of the workplace, the scope and composition of forthcoming actions is determined. Between service employees tasks are distributed. Each of them receives a certain amount of work, which he must complete in a specified time. At the same time, maintenance methods, a sequence of actions during the repair and replacement of necessary parts are developed. The sequence of work should be coordinated in time.
Cost effectiveness
After the development of the plan, the calculation of service standards is carried out. The optimal number of workers is set, which is required to be employed in a particular case. Be sure to calculate the economic indicators of the developed scheme. If they are ineffective, improvements are made. A service cannot be carried out if it is not financially sound.
Having considered the features of the workplace service process, we can conclude that this is a mandatory process for each enterprise. It must comply with existing requirements and be economically feasible.