The Russian language is great and unlimited. He is beautiful and multifaceted. What is vocabulary in Russian? What is a word and what are its attributes?
What is vocabulary in Russian?
Vocabulary is absolutely all the words of a particular language. Lexicology is a subject that studies vocabulary, which in any language is quite mobile, because it responds to all changes in the life of society.
The main subject of study is the word itself. Its signs are the presence of sound form, lexical and grammatical meaning. Only independent parts of speech have the lexical meaning, with the exception of pronouns, as well as proper names.
A variety of vocabulary and its features
There are such sections of vocabulary as semasiology, onomasiology, etymology, phraseology, onomastics, as well as lexicography. The vocabulary features are quite diverse.
It has a historical character, consists of subsystems, is characterized by hierarchical, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, and also has a large number of units, a close relationship with the context and an open system.
The social structure of the Russian language
What is vocabulary in Russian, the question is rather ambiguous. The fact is that for every layer of society there is a language. There are five types of national vocabulary: colloquial, jargon, dialects, as well as professional and literary vocabulary.
What is a codified language?
Literary language is the highest form of language and the basis of speech culture. It is characterized by normativity, stylistic differentiation, multifunctionality and the highest social prestige. It is a complete contrast to the uncodified subsystems, which include dialects, vernacular, slang, as well as jargon.
What is a normative language?
Normativity is the presence of orthoepic, spelling, lexical, grammatical and stylistic norms. For example, in the east of Ukraine, many people speak and understand. Such stress is a violation of orthoepic norms. In the Russian literary language, norms are enshrined in dictionaries and reference books. Codified language is used in all fields of activity and exists in different functional styles.
Vocabulary of the Russian language in terms of origin
The lexical stock of the Russian language is the result of a long historical development. At the moment, the language has many ancient, by origin, words, such as: bread, water, oak and many others. From the point of view of origin, the vocabulary is divided into two groups - native Russian and borrowed. Borrowed words are most often neologisms. There are many reasons for borrowing. The most popular of them is an attempt to shorten the original Russian word, the historical contact of peoples and the absence of a name in the vocabulary for a new phenomenon or subject.
Uncodified vocabulary
Profanity is a vocabulary in which there are no literary norms.
Such vocabulary includes colloquial words, rude expressive words, including obscene and obscene vocabulary, vulgarisms, dialectisms, argo, jargon, and also slang.
Vernacular is a vocabulary that does not have a systemic character. It is usually used by persons who do not fully know the norms of the literary language. Roughly expressive words are referred to vernaculars. For example, sleep "sleep"; nonsense 'lie' and others. Such a lexical group is characterized by an expression of attitude to the signified.
Math, as well as obscene vocabulary, is one of the most important signs of vernacular. With the help of mats, the carrier of vernacular emphasizes his irritation or readiness for action. Obscene vocabulary is characterized by swearing expressions, which are used to express a reaction to an unexpected situation.
Dialects, argo and jargon
Dialecticisms are also profanity, which is used in a certain territory. They are divided into 6 types - phonetic, lexical, semantic, ethnographic, phraseological and grammatical. Argo is used for self-assertion in a criminal zone. Argotisms include such words - feather 'knife', sew 'kill' and others. Jargon is also referred to profanity. This is a kind of national language that is used by people with some common social trait. Professionalism is also referred to as jargon. Such words are used by people of any particular profession.
The question of what vocabulary is in the Russian language is rather complicated. It is known that it is the Russian language that is one of the most difficult to learn. In order to learn how to speak beautifully, you need to carefully study and also remember all the norms of a literary language. Colloquial speech, dialecticism, as well as swear words should be maximally excluded from your vocabulary. Using a literary language, your speech will sound unusually beautiful and attract others.