In general, introductory words in Russian are a very capacious concept. These are various designs that do not necessarily introduce anything. Indeed, the standard arrangement of the opening word is the beginning of the sentence, but this is not a strict rule ( if a girl, for example, comes alone ). The word “for example” in this case is introductory, but is in the middle of the sentence.
But what unites all the introductory words in the Russian language is that they are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma when they are at the beginning or separate when they are located in the middle of the sentence.
All these are constructions with introductory words: by the way, I noticed a long time ago ...; however, I will take this into account ...; therefore, action does not imply. Introductory in the given examples: by the way, however, therefore.
So, the opening words. The rules of the Russian language at their expense are unambiguous - highlight with commas!
Introductory words are classified by value . The table "Russian language" is a very convenient way to study them.
A) Modal meaning: expresses the degree of confidence (doubt, firm confidence, etc.) of the speaker or writer. Introductory words of the Russian language with a modal meaning: undoubtedly, probably can be .
B) Ordinary. An introductory word with this meaning emphasizes the ordinary nature of what is happening. For example: it happens, as usual, as usual .
C) Sometimes the introductory words in Russian contain an indication of the source from where the information came from: they say, they transmit, in your opinion, as they said on the radio (this is already a whole introductory structure!).
D) There may also be an added value to the way of expressing thoughts. These include, for example, such introductory words in the Russian language: in fact, more precisely, rather, frankly, in a word, in other words.
E) There may also be an appeal to the interlocutor: You see, I couldn’t do otherwise! You see, this is a very special case!
E) Introductory words - one of the ways of logical connection in the text. These, for example, are such constructions: in addition, by the way, it means, firstly, secondly.
G) In this word, the speaker’s attitude to what he says can also be incorporated: unfortunately, to happiness, what good.
G) And finally, the expressive meaning: between us, except for jokes .
There is another phenomenon very similar to the introductory words in the Russian language, namely, appeals. Firstly, they are also always separated by commas and they have similar meanings: they are designed to specify the addressee, pay attention to the replica, give it expressiveness, etc.
A small nuance: sometimes along with the appeal to give greater expressiveness they use the particle "o": Oh God! Today, many are perplexed by the question "is it necessary to separate this particle" o "from circulation." No, don’t. The fact is that this particle comes from the Greek language, from those times when Cyril and Methodius created their Slavic alphabet. Then, in general, over the following centuries, the Greek language influenced the Slavic. In Greek, this is an article, that is, a part that is inseparable by any punctuation marks from a noun.
Summary:
- Introductory words are divided into species by value.
- Introductory words are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.