A person’s language is understandable only when the words enshrined in various dictionaries are used correctly and correctly. “Wrong” speech will be inconvenient for perception and will cause negative emotions in listeners.
We all know that speech is an invaluable gift that allows a person to exist in a complex world of social relationships.
It is a source of human sounds and signals, signs and symbols, expressed both orally and in writing. This is achieved through the use of various
styles of speech.Book style, direct and indirect speech
We all in everyday life use conversational or, in other words, everyday speech style. This is a lively oral communication between people. However, for writing, this style is hardly suitable for us. To begin with, recall that written speech is a consistent presentation of one’s thoughts in the form of various signs and symbols. Each of us must own the so-called rules of written speech behavior. Without them, it is impossible to write a competent official letter to the management competently, or to write a greeting card to the hero of the day, and so on.
Book style is one of the most common in writing. Its distinctive feature is the presence in the texts of other people's words transmitted by the author. Recall that direct speech is other people's words and thoughts, verbatim transmitted by another person (author). Schematically, direct speech looks like this: the speech of another person and the words of the author are given. Example: “Sasha, will you go for a walk?” - Mom asked her eight-year-old son.
It is necessary to distinguish between direct and indirect speech. Indirect speech is only the transfer of information from another person and the meaning of his statement without literal reproduction. Important! Indirect speech does not duplicate stylistics, vocabulary and syntax from the source, does not preserve interjections, introductory words, and so on. For example: Vladimir said that he would pick us up as soon as he could.
So, we found out that speech styles determine the rules of speech behavior. What other styles of speech help us to diversify verbal communication in society?
Other speech styles
Imagine that at work, something went wrong according to plan. Your boss asked to immediately explain everything in writing, that is, write a so-called explanatory note. In this case, the official-business style of speech rushes to your aid. Everything here must be clear, concise, impartial. If you have difficulty writing this style, but are sure that your director is a person with an unlimited sense of humor, and you are a true lyricist, then you can try to draw up a document in a literary and artistic style. But it’s better not to risk it.
By the way, literary and artistic presentation is much more complicated than official business, as it does not have cliches, established stamps, samples, and so on, inherent in the latter.
Another style of speech is scientific. These are all kinds of reports and essays. Probably no need to explain why they are needed. Since any essay or report is written in order to inform the listener about a particular problem, this style presentation implies the use of terms. It should be remembered that the unjustified filling of the text with terms makes pseudo-scientific out of the scientific style of speech. In other words, do not use in your reports concepts and definitions unknown to you.
In the media - on television, in newspapers and magazines - there is another style of speech, journalistic. It is used for reporting news, in various television programs and so on.