Bagritsky Eduard Georgievich is a Russian poet, playwright, translator. His life and work will be discussed in this article. The real name of Eduard Bagritsky is Dzyubin, according to other sources - Dzyubin.
early years
The poet was born in Odessa on October 22, 1895 in a Jewish family. Father, Godel Moshkovich, worked as a clerk in a ready-made dress shop, and his mother, Ita Abramovna, was a housewife.
Edward in 1905-1910 studied at the St. Paul's School in Odessa, in 1910-1912. - in the real school of Zhukovsky, located on Kherson Street, and in 1913-1915. - in a land surveying school. As a designer, he took part in the publication of a manuscript journal, entitled "Days of our life." In 1914, he was an editor at the PTA (Petersburg Telegraph Agency) branch in Odessa.
First poems
The poet Eduard Bagritsky began to write poetry early. Already in 1913-1914. in the almanac "Chords" his first creations were printed. The author signed as Eduard D., and since 1915 he began to use the pseudonyms Desi, Eduard Bagritsky and Nina Voskresenskaya. At that time, his literary almanacs “Silver Pipes” and “Cars in the Clouds” began to publish his neo-romantic poems, which imitated V. Mayakovsky, L. Stephenson, N. Gumilyov.
Soon Bagritsky Eduard became a prominent figure in the group of young writers of Odessa. He liked to recite his works to the youth audience.
1917-1923
In the spring and summer of 1917, Bagritsky worked in the police, and in the fall he got a job as a clerk in the medical and writing unit of the All-Russian Union for Assisting the Wounded and Sick. He took part in the Persian expedition of Baratov and returned to Odessa only in February 1918. During the civil war, in April 1919, Eduard Bagritsky volunteered for the Red Army, served in the VTsIK partisan detachment, and when he was reorganized, he became a political instructor in the rifle brigade. Throughout this period he wrote propaganda verses.
In the summer of 1919, Eduard returned to Odessa, began to work in BUP (Bureau of Ukrainian Press). Since May 1920, he worked as an artist and poet in YugROSTA (Southern Bureau of the Ukrainian branch of the Russian Telegraph Agency). Bagritsky was the author of numerous leaflets, posters, as well as signatures to them. His works were published in Odessa comic magazines and newspapers under the pseudonyms Nina Voskresenskaya, Someone Vasya, Rabkor Gortsev.
At the initiative of a friend Ya. M. Belsky, in August 1923 Bagritsky Eduard arrived in Nikolaev and began working in the editorial office of the newspaper Krasny Nikolaev as secretary. The same edition published his poems. Bagritsky spoke at poetry evenings organized by the editors . In October of that year, the poet returned to Odessa.
Last years
In 1925, Eduard Bagritsky moved to Moscow with the submission of Kataev. His biography was replenished with new achievements. He joined the literary group "Pass", and a year later joined the Constructivists. The first collection of poems was published in 1928 and was called "Southwest". In 1932, the second collection “Winners” appeared.
Since 1930, the poet exacerbated bronchial asthma - he suffered from it since childhood. Bagritsky Eduard died in Moscow on February 16, 1934. He was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.
A family
In December 1920, the poet married Lydia Gustavovna Suok. In 1937, she was repressed and returned from prison only in 1956. The couple had a son, Vsevolod, also a poet. In 1942, he died at the front.
Creation
Still in the songs vivid romantic verses of Bagritsky sound, his books are reprinted. The poet’s creativity even today is controversial.
For example, the poem “February”, published after Bagritsky’s death, receives many conflicting comments. This is a kind of confession of the Jewish youth who participated in the revolution. Anti-Semitic journalists have repeatedly noted that the hero of February, who rapes a prostitute, who was his high school love, commit violence against her throughout Russia and thereby avenge the shame of “homeless ancestors”. However, the red-haired beauty at the same time does not look in Russian, and the gang arrested by the hero consists of at least two-thirds of the Jews.
The freedom lover of Eduard Bagritsky was most clearly expressed in the so-called Flemish cycle of poems, which were dedicated to Til Uhlenshpigel. The poet wrote this cycle throughout his life. The writer Isaac Babel, a friend of Eduard, spoke of him as a “Flemish” and wrote that in the bright future all people would consist of “faithful, intelligent, cheerful Odessa residents, similar to Bagritsky.”
This brilliant master was gifted with rare sensual sensibility, his romantic poetry praised the construction of a new world. At the same time, Bagritsky was trying to understand for himself the cruelty of revolutionary ideology. In his poems, the poet invested a veiled protest against the Stalinist punitive regime that was taking shape by then.
Bagritsky’s work influenced a galaxy of poets. Moscow street was named in his honor.
The most famous works
In 1926, the poet wrote the poem "The Duma of Opanas." It shows the tragic confrontation of the rural Ukrainian youth Opanas, who dreams of living a quiet peasant life in free Ukraine, and the Jewish commissar Joseph Kogan, who upholds the truth of the world revolution. During ideological campaigns in 1949, the poem was criticized by the Ukrainian Literary Newspaper for “bourgeois-nationalist tendencies,” which, according to the editors, were manifested in a distortion of the truth and an erroneous depiction of the Ukrainian people in the image of the bandit and deserter Opanas, who is unable to fight for the bright future.
Bagritsky’s famous works are also “TVS” (the verse was written on behalf of a person dying of tuberculosis, who is in a feverish condition seeing the dead Felix Dzherzhinsky), “Smugglers” (a work by many bards, including Viktor Berkovsky, Leonid Utesov, put to music) , “The Death of a Pioneer” (the main character reads him in the 1962 film “The Wild Dingo Dog” at the New Year’s school performance).