One of the management functions is business accounting. All business transactions must be monitored. This is the secret to success in running any household. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly measure, observe and record all business transactions.
The accounting system includes the processing and transmission of information, control and monitoring of the economy.
Requirements for economic accounting:
1. Timeliness.
2. Reliability.
3. Completeness.
4. Efficiency.
5. Simplicity.
6. The accuracy.
Errors in the accounting process are allowed, but only small, so as not to lose control over the efficiency of economic activity.
The main types of business accounting
Accounting is carried out by monitoring production operations, measuring and registering them verbally or in writing. Based on this, the following types of business accounting are distinguished:
1. Statistical.
2. Operational or operational-technical.
3. Accounting.
The listed types of business accounting have certain characteristics.
Operational accounting is carried out within the workplace (in a warehouse, in a department, and so on). Therefore, fast data acquisition and brevity are its main components. Operational accounting allows you to control operations during their execution and does not require documentary evidence of data. This type of accounting is not designed to cover all business activities. Information obtained from operational accounting can be transmitted by fax, orally, by phone, in the form of journal entries. Indicators of operational data recording must be correct in order to carry out a general analysis of the activity of economic production.
Statistical accounting is carried out both within the organization and beyond. With the help of it, the social phenomena of life are recorded in certain conditions. Statistical records are kept in order to foresee the consequences of the actions taken. It uses any type of meter to monitor. According to statistics, it can be concluded about the state of the economy, about the population, about prices prevailing in the regional market. Measuring instruments for statistical data recording: labor, in-kind and monetary.
Accounting uses the money meter as the main one. With his help, information is provided on the obligations of the organization, its property in cash.
Other types of business accounting differ from accounting in that it:
1. Has a subject limited by the organization.
2. Reflects all business operations carried out in the organization.
3. Continuous in the reflection of all economic facts.
4. Using the primary or printed document draws up an economic fact.
5. It is expressed in monetary terms.
6. Uses its own specific methods for data processing (costing, billing, balance, and so on).
Inventory accounting
For the continuous operation of the organization, inventory is needed . They are used only once. Stocks include materials, raw materials, fuels and the like.
Stocks include:
1. Purchased semi-finished products - processed, but not finished products.
2. Basic materials and raw materials - go to the manufacture of the product.
3. Fuel - used as fuel, for technological purposes and for heating.
4. Auxiliary materials - used to give products the necessary consumer properties.
5. Spare parts - replace worn parts of mechanisms and machines.
6. Return waste - the remains of materials or raw materials that have lost their consumer properties.
7. Container materials and the container itself - are used as packaging and for transportation of products.