Of the information that we received at school, half at best remains in memory. However, this does not mean at all that you can refer to such sad statistics and allow yourself an illiterate speech. The most common mistakes of the current generation are accentuation (“ringing” or “ringing”), conjugation of verbs in written addresses (“see” or “see”), problems with commas, and also ignorance of writing complex words. And this, unfortunately, is only a small generalized part of the problems of the population with the Russian language. Therefore, after reading this article, you will be able to restore in memory the knowledge of how to conjugate verbs and how to write: “see” or “see”. Indeed, competent speech is the first sign of a person’s education.
The concept
From a morphological point of view, all verbs can vary in persons (I, II, III), numbers (singular / plural), moods (indicative / imperative / conditional), tenses (past / present / future), type (perfect / imperfect) and Returns by adding or removing a prefix and changing the ending. There are only two permanent properties in this part of speech: transitivity and conjugation. However, if the first of them is determined quite simply (when compiling a phrase with a noun in the accusative case), then to check the second you need to know a number of rules. Conjugation of a verb is the nature of its change in persons and numbers in the present tense. This property determines its end in declension and helps to correctly use it in written speech, including it determines how it is correct: “see” or “see”. Let’s understand this in detail.
All About First Conjugation
To know this topic of Russian grammar is necessary in the first place in order to be able to correctly operate a verb, even if its personal ending is unstressed. So, to the first conjugation should be attributed words that have in the suffix of the infinitive not “and”, i.e. "E, a, i, y, s, o." For example, warm, interfere, melt, sink, cover, fight. And depending on this, their
personal ending changes when the verb is declined by persons and numbers, that is, in total there are 6 possible forms. This is easy to understand if you try to conjugate several verbs. Let's take two as an example: “work” and “write”.
Units number, 1 person (s) - work, write.
Units number, 2 person (s) - work, write.
Units number, 3 person (he / she / it) - works, writes.
Mn number, 1 person (we) - work, write.
Mn number, 2 person (you) - work, write.
Mn number, 3 person (they) - work, write.
Conclusions and notes
Thus, it is immediately evident that in almost all forms the letter “e” is used in the end of a verb, and in the 1st person singular and the 3rd person plural - “-y / -y”. However, it is worth remembering that the first conjugation also includes some words with the suffix “-it” in the infinitive, which will not be determined in the personal form in the shock ending “-i-”. For example, the word "drink" (drink, drink, drink, drink, drink, drink). Judging by the infinitive, then it should relate to the second conjugation, but if it is changed by numbers and persons, then the first is clearly defined. Some other verbs are contradictory, for example, how to write: “sees” or “sees”? In the infinitive "e", and in the endings it is necessary to use "and", we will analyze these features later in the list of exceptions. In the meantime, you should remember a simple rule: putting the verb in an indefinite form and looking at the vowel in the suffix is not enough, you need to back it up with a check, translating it into any personal form.
All About Second Conjugation
This subtopic is somewhat more complicated than the first, since it has many words of exceptions and subtleties. As it became clear from the previous paragraph, the second conjugation includes all those verbs whose infinitive suffix contains the letter “and”, for example, drill, brawl, blame, share, feed, etc. All of them also have definite endings in all personal forms:
Units number, 1 person (s) - do, feed.
Units number, 2 person (s) - SHARE, FEED.
Units number, 3 person (he / she / it) - shares, feeds.
Mn number, 1 person (we) - divide, feed.
Mn number, 2 person (you) - SHARE, FEED.
Mn number, 3 person (they) - divide, feed.
However, to understand how it is written - “sees” or “sees”, this information is not enough, because you need to remember the exception words first. Verbs that in the infinitive do not have the suffix "-it", but still refer to the second conjugation, there are only eleven. Four of them end in “-at” (breathe, hear, drive and hold), and seven end in “-at” (see, watch, hate, twirl, endure, depend, offend). Plus, those words that are formed from exceptions by the prefix method, and those that in personal form have a shock ending with “-i-”, even if they mean the first conjugation in the infinitive. For example, the verb “lie” (lying, lying, lying, lying, lying, lying). Thus, now when choosing a spelling - “see” or “see”, you should definitely dwell on the first option.
"Special" verbs
Some more words require additional attention. So, similarly to the exceptions from the first conjugation, there are those from the second. These include only three verbs: “lay” (stele, stele, stiletto), “shave” (shave, shave, shave) and the rarely used “build up” (rests). However, there are other “special” words, primarily controversial. They present a much bigger problem than the choice between “sees” or “sees”. How to use them correctly, only good memory will tell you, so you need to memorize them. There are only four such verbs: to want (if you want, if you want to - the 1st reference, but want, like, want, want - the 2nd reference), to run (only the form "run" - the first reference, the rest - the 2nd ), honor (in the 3rd person plural of both options - THAT and THAT), squeamish ("squeamish" - 1st sp., others - 2nd). But in order to consolidate their knowledge of the mother tongue in other topics and to develop competent speech, it is necessary to read not only textbooks, but also Russian fiction.