By designation, various types of marine engines are distinguished. Devices that are the main driving force are the main ones. Auxiliary engines provide various mechanisms on ships. In particular, the models are used to service electric generators, winches and compressors. According to the power parameter, devices are also divided.
More models are divided by the type of fuel combustion. They can be push-pull or four-stroke. First of all, devices with mixed combustion of fuel are isolated. In this case, constant pressure is provided. However, there are modifications with fuel combustion at a constant volume. Separately distinguish configurations with supercharging and without it. To understand everything, you need to look at the description of marine engines of various types.
Push-pull modification circuit
Two-stroke models (ship engine diagram shown below) are most often installed on ferries. The tiller is of manual type. The shaft of the models is mounted directly above the carburetor block. In terms of power, the modifications are quite different. Pushers are most often used with a clamp. The drive shaft of the models is mounted above the pallet. Latches are not used on push-pull models. It is also important to note that they keep the pressure at an average of 5 bar. The fuel consumption of a marine engine depends on the operating power of the unit.
Four-stroke model specifications
If we talk about the characteristics of four - stroke marine engines , it is important to note that their average power is 40 kW. Their pallets are used with deadwoods. The drive shafts are located directly above the central chamber. Water pumps are absent in four-stroke modifications. In this case, the springs are of the connecting type. Some models have reverse locks. Transmission blocks are used very different. Sometimes four-stroke engines use reverse gears. For such models, the springs are located in the rear of the case.
Low power engines
A low-power engine (from 10 to 20 kW) is most often used with an adapter. Starters for modifications are used only manual type. According to the parameter of the ultimate pressure, the devices are quite different. Clamps are most often used with anodes. Propeller shafts are mounted directly above the pallet.
It should also be noted that there are modifications with superchargers. By the type of combustion chamber, the devices are different. Gearboxes are mainly used with anticavitacin plate. Most models do not have reverse locks.
Medium Power Models
An engine of medium power (from 20 to 30 kW) is most often found on passenger ships. Drives are used, as a rule, of a belt type. Directly shafts are installed with a diameter of 4.5 cm or more. The impellers in this case are used with gears. It is also important to note that there are boost versions. Deadwoods are used both drive and connecting type. On average, the limit pressure parameter is 4.5 bar.
Powerful engines
A powerful engine (30 to 40 kW) is often installed on transport ships. The volume of the camera models are quite different. In this case, carburetors are installed in the rear of the case. In total, the model can have up to five pumps. Valves are of the inverse type. On average, the limit frequency parameter is 5.5 bar. Reverse locks in almost all versions are provided. Impellers are installed near the carburetor. The shaft directly on the models may be located above the pallet. Some engines have a connector. Starter motors are mainly applied by hand type.
Heavy duty engines
Heavy duty engine (from 50 to 60 kW) is made on the basis of a camshaft. In this case, the modification uses silencers. Carburetors are usually located near the pallet. There is a rocker arm for oil distribution. By the type of pushers, the models are different. It is also important to note that there are modifications in which the suspension bracket is located above the flywheel. On average, the engine frequency does not exceed 2300 rpm.
Modifications with mixed combustion
An engine with mixed fuel combustion is most often produced with high power gearboxes. Drive gears are located under the shaft. In this case, the anti-cavitation plate is located under the fuel pump. A distinctive feature of engines of this type can safely be called the presence of durable pushers. They decompose under the rocker.
By type of carburetor models are different. It is also important to note that the devices are manufactured with various camshafts. Directly valves in devices are calculated on 4 bars. A muffler is located above the deadwoods. There are also configurations in which it is located behind the shaft. Fuel for marine engines is a liquid type with a flash point of 600 degrees.
Constant Volume Combustion Engines
An engine of this type is distinguished by a volumetric chamber. In this case, the rocker arms are not used. Direct fuel supply is provided by pistons. The crankshafts of the models are most often located above the flywheels. Gearboxes are mainly used belt. The silencer is not used in all configurations. It is also important to note that some models have a cooling system. Ignition on engines is provided only inductive type.
Supercharged devices
The supercharged engine is more suitable for tankers. Starters are used manual type. Directly the tiller are located above the clamp, and are attached to the camshaft. In terms of camera volume, the models differ. It is also important to note that various latches are used in the devices. Pumps are used to supply oil. Springs for models of this type are located behind the impeller. For some versions, the transmission rod is missing. The drive gear in the devices is most often mounted at the gearbox. Repair of marine engines with supercharging is carried out in port workshops.
Parameters of naturally aspirated models
Engines (ship) without pressurization are produced, as a rule, with a rocker. The power of the modifications does not exceed 40 kW. For transport ships, they fit well. Starters in many models are used manual. Valves with an average pressure are able to keep at 5.5 bar. Connectors in devices are used without pushers. Pallets are most often made of steel. Some versions have a reverse lock.
The drive shaft of the engines is located behind the drive gear. Impellers vary greatly in size. In this case, much depends on the power of the unit. It is also important to note that the devices use cooling systems. Direct oil supply to the crankcase occurs through the pump.
Devices with internal mixing
Engines (marine) with internal mixture formation in our time are not very common. Models with a capacity of about 50 kW are available. In this case, the impellers are installed behind the drive shaft. On some models, the tiller is used automatically. Directly, the operation of the starter is provided by the gearbox. Some configurations have a transmission. The engine hinges are mounted behind the pinion gear. Springs may vary in size. Modifications with boost on the market are presented. Water pumps are used in various sizes. On average, the limit pressure parameter does not exceed 6.5 bar. The cooling system in all configurations is air-type.
Spark ignition engines
Engines (ship) with spark ignition are made of various power. Deadwoods in many configurations are fitted with an adjustment type. Transmission blocks are most often located at the bottom of the chassis. By the type of springs, the models are very different. Directly the drive shaft in configurations is located above the pallet. Some models have two fuel pumps. It is also important to note that this type of engine has a camshaft. Cranked pushers for engines can be near the impeller.
Self-priming Compression Models
Engines (marine) with compression self-ignition are made most often of a push-pull type. Power models average 30 kW. Crankshafts in many versions are installed not large diameter. Fuel pumps are typically located at the rear of the housing.
Some configurations use pushers. Cooling systems are most often provided for air type. The drive gear for most engines is located behind the shaft. It is also important to note that for models of this type rocker arms are installed. Some configurations have as many as three valves. Lionfish are most often used steel.
Carburetor modifications
Carburetor engines are manufactured with two camshafts. In this case, deadwoods are of manual type. Fuel consumption depends on the power of the unit, as well as the volume of the chamber. Springs in devices are used with an impeller.
Pusher modifications are rare. It is also important to note that there are push-pull and four-stroke units. There are also models with rocker arms. Their average power is 30 kW.