Quota is a multifaceted and rather extensive concept. This word came to us at the end of the 19th century, translated from German as "share (part) in production, foreign trade relations and taxes."
In a narrow sense, a quota is a certain restriction or limit on the quantity of goods of a particular category that are allowed to be imported into the country. It is advisable to introduce this restriction to save foreign currency and protect domestic industry.
In a broad sense, a quota is a share in total production, compulsory insurance of goods produced or insured except by one whole community of manufacturers. This concept serves as an integral part to many economic terms. For a more detailed coverage of this issue, it is necessary to consider specific options for its use.
Firstly, the quota is a part of each member of any association engaged in marketing or production. Dividends and interest on shares are calculated taking into account this share. Its change can be made only at a meeting of participants and with their universal consent.
Secondly, the quota is part of the share contribution that arises in various economic situations: from the contribution of an individual citizen to a mutual investment fund to the contributions of business entities.
Thirdly, the quota is represented by the amount of tax that is levied in the taxation process. This definition can involve both legal entities and individuals, and entire concerns (associations of enterprises).
Foreign trade quota is a set of measures aimed at saving reserves of gold, foreign currency and other means of domestic payment. This is a special foreign policy, designed to defend the domestic manufacturer and monitor the preservation of jobs. This is a kind of quantitative indicator that compares import and export (these indicators are direct or indirect). At the same time, direct import-export refers to the import into the country, or the export of goods from the country. Indirect export-import is the import-export of raw materials for the production of goods.
This term can be used as a migration or medical restriction, as well as a pollution standard. In other words, this is a limitation of prices imposed on raw materials or currency on the respective exchanges, and is used as the marginal price of a sale or purchase.
The Government of Russia annually sets quotas for foreign labor. To obtain a work permit for foreign citizens, the employer must collect an extensive package of documents. However, the list of required documents may vary in different territorial units of Russia.
Over the past few years, there has been a decrease in existing quotas. That is why the employer is obliged to apply for a certain sample several months before hiring foreign citizens in the territorial department of the FMS.
Particular attention is also paid to the list of professions that are preferred when allocating quotas. The largest number of foreign workers requires the construction industry, therefore, maximum quotas are set here. The following by the number of quotas are: workers in the mining industry, drivers of various equipment and drivers.
Today, Russian legislation on the issue of quotas is more democratic. If earlier foreigners could not move around the country without special permission, today, for example, representatives of creative professions can freely tour the country.