Lexical norms of the Russian language

Lexical norms are those norms due to which the regulation of the rules of use and combination of words in speech occurs. The use of the latter is determined by the features of their lexical meanings. In other words, the lexical meaning can be called the content of the word, which displays the representation of a Russian person about an object or process, the property of an object or phenomenon.

Lexical norms determine the process of the appropriate and correct use of a particular word or expression depending on its meaning, accuracy and expressiveness. Sometimes people try to express their overwhelming feelings, but, having a small vocabulary, they repeat the same phrase, gesturing frantically. To look at this monologue from the side is rather ridiculous, but being a listener of this “speech” is simply nauseous.

There are wonderful ironic poems written by Agniya Barto on this subject. They talk about how a girl listens to her elder brother's story about a movie just watched.

They are her - time!

She told them once!

But just then

He saved her.

Here is a striking example of speech, when lexical norms are violated fundamentally, since phrases are completely devoid of the exact expression of the speaker’s thoughts.

Today, this "illness" affects most of the youth. Unable to find the right word, tongue-tied people resort to the use of parasitic words, street argo, and even obscene expressions.

The second most important aspect of correct beautiful speech, which is also included in lexical norms, is the compatibility of words. For example, the expression “deep old age” is often used in Russian, but the phrase “deep youth” can only cause a grin. Like this violation of Russian spoken language, comedians came up with the expression “deeply and irrevocably pregnant”, “pathologically incurably healthy” or “speaking function”.

There is also a violation of lexical norms in the language, such as mixing paronyms - words that can be cognate and similar in sound, as well as related in meaning and logic, but differing in exact meaning. For example, such are the words “remnants” and “remains”, “economical” and “economic”.

Lexical norms also do not allow inaccuracies in the use of words. Jokes created on the basis of ridiculous phrases from school essays cannot leave indifferent any Russian person. Of course, just imagine a picture: Onegin “urinates” with cologne! Or here: Tatyana rides in a carriage “with a raised backside” !! Or the phrase about leaky pants, "through which its proletarian origin is visible" !!!

And on the door of the supermarket you can find an ad, alas, no longer a schoolboy: “Enter through the anus”, but in the dining room: “Do not dip your fingers and eggs into the salt” ...

The lexical norms of the Russian language also do not tolerate pleonasms, that is, words that are close in meaning to those used nearby. For example, the phrases “brave and brave man” and “free vacancy”, “the strongest” and “main essence” can be called such.

The tautology in Russian speech looks even more ridiculous - the use of cognates. “Organize an organization”, “record a record”, “prick a prick”, “tell a story”, “comb your hair” - this is only a fraction of those pearls that are often used in speech by some Russian people.

Neglect of lexical norms gave rise to such a speech incident as speech failure. Dontsova has an episode when a parent, having come to school to talk with the class teacher, sees a sign in the wardrobe: “A hanger for teachers”.

But if you take a closer look and ponder, then such announcements can be seen everywhere a great many! When you understand that the norms of Russian literature are often violated by Russian people who should be proud of their language, their culture, it becomes insulting to tears.

Lord Russians! Let's try to speak the correct, figurative, beautiful Russian language in which the greatest literary works of Pushkin and Lermontov, Dostoevsky and Tolstov, Prishvin, Leskov, Fet and many others are written.