Direct and indirect additions in Russian

In Russian, all the words that make up the sentences are either primary members or secondary. The main ones form the grammatical basis and indicate the subject that is discussed in the statement, and its effect, and all other words in the construction are spreading. Among them, linguists identify definitions, circumstances and additions. Without secondary members of the proposal, it would be impossible to tell about an event in detail without missing a single trifle, and therefore the value of these members of the proposal cannot be overestimated. This article will discuss the role of additions in the Russian language.

Thanks to this member of the proposal, it is easy to construct a complete statement in which not only the action of the protagonist of the story will be indicated, but also the subject with which this action is associated is highlighted. So, in order not to get confused, you should start analyzing this topic from the very beginning. After all, only following the sequence, you can learn the great and mighty Russian language.

Definition

An addendum is a minor member of a proposal, which indicates an item that is the result of the action of the principal person in the proposal or to which this action is directed. It can be expressed in the following parts of speech :

1. A personal pronoun or a noun used in indirect case forms. The sentence can be used both with a preposition and without it (I listen to music and think about it).
2. Any part of the speech that acts as a noun (She looked at the people who entered).
3. Often additions in Russian are expressed by the infinitive (Parents asked her to sing).
4. A free phraseological combination of a noun and a numeral used in the genitive case (He opened six tabs.).
5. A connected and stable phraseological combination (He told him not to hang his nose).

Feature and Add-on Issues

In Russian, the supplement answers questions of indirect cases, namely: “Who?”, “To whom?”, “By whom?”, “About whom?”, “What?” “What?”, “What?”, “About what?” In the sentence, this minor term has the function of explanation and may relate to the following parts of speech:

1. To the verb used as a predicate (I am writing a letter).
2. To a noun as any member of a sentence (Hope for a father).
3. To the sacrament or adjective, used as any of the members of the sentence (Weighing cereal; strict to the daughter).
4. To adverb as any of the sentence members (Unnoticed by you).

Types of Add-ons

If this member of the sentence depends on the verb, then it can be of two types:

1. Direct additions in the Russian language are used without pretexts and are expressed by transitional verbs in the accusative case. Such words indicate the subject to which, one way or another, refers to the action of the main person. For example: I remember very well the day we met. If the predicate in the sentence is a transitive verb and stands in the form of negation, then a direct complement in the genitive case without an excuse can be used with it (But do not return the days of the past). In the case of impersonal-predicative words in a sentence, the complement is also used in the form of the genitive case and without an excuse when the words “sorry” and “sorry” (And we are sorry for something bright).
2. Indirect additions in the Russian language are expressed in words in the form of an accusative case, used together with prepositions, and in other indirect cases without pretexts (She jumped up and began to peer out the window with a worried look; his attempts to establish relations with classmates were successful).

Values ​​of direct additions

Direct additions in Russian, used with verbs, can indicate the following objects:

1. The item obtained as a result of the action (I will build a house in the village).
2. The subject or person who is exposed (Father caught the fish and brought home).
3. The object to which the feeling is directed (I love winter evenings and walks along a snowy street).
4. Object of development and knowledge (She knew foreign languages ​​and could freely communicate; she was interested in philosophy and foreign literature).
5. The space that is overcome by the main person (I will go around the whole globe, cross the cosmic distances).
6. The object of desire or thought (Now I remembered it).

Meanings of indirect additions without pretexts

Indirect supplement in Russian, used without pretexts, can have the following meanings:

1. The ratio of the items in question in the phrase or sentence, namely the object that the action is directed to (Harvested).
2. Object of achievement or touch (Today I received a diploma; he will be happy when he touches only her hand).
3. The subject by which the action is performed (Do not cut down with an ax what is written on the heart).
4. Subject or condition that complements the action (The bear he killed was very large; he should be sorry).

The meaning of indirect additions with prepositions

Indirect additions, which cannot be used in a context without pretexts, in a sentence can acquire the following shades of meaning:

1. The material from which this or that object is made (The house is built of stone).
2. The subject to which the action applies (Waves splash against the stone).
3. The person or object that causes the condition (Father was worried about his son).
4. The object to which thoughts and feelings are directed. (He described the benefits of his work.).
5. The subject from which they are moving away (He left his father’s house at an early age.).
6. A person who participates in the main action (Upon arrival, the grandchildren surrounded her grandmother and kissed her for a long time.).

Addition as part of the turnover

In Russian, there are such concepts as real and passive circulation. In both cases, this is a special phrase, the construction of which includes the main and considered secondary member of the sentence.

A turnover is considered valid when the addition is the person to whom the action is directed, and the main member of the sentence is expressed by a transitive verb. For example: I picked up a bouquet, cut the lawn.

Passionate is the turnover in which the underlying subject is exposed, and the addition indicates the main object of the utterance. For example: the colonel was quickly picked up by ordinary soldiers and sent to the infirmary.

How to find a supplement in a sentence?

Addition questions in the Russian language are very simple, and therefore, regardless of what part of the speech a given sentence member is expressed, finding it in the context is not too difficult. To do this, follow the standard parsing scheme. First, highlight the grammatical basis, and then determine the relationship of words in the sentence by means of the questions posed. First, from the subject and predicate to the secondary members, and then immediately between the secondary members. In a letter, each word, depending on which category it belongs to, is indicated by a special type of underlining. For addition, this is a dashed line.

Minor Proposition Members - The Base of Complete Statements

Minor members of the proposal - the topic is quite voluminous and contains many rules, however, if you do not spend enough time studying it, you will not be able to master such a great science as the Russian language. Circumstances, additions and definitions are those components of a sentence that will allow the formation of a statement that reveals the whole meaning of the story. Without them, language would lose all its charm. Therefore, it is very important to approach this topic with all responsibility, in order to know how to use this or that word in the context correctly.