As you know, temperament is an innate personality trait. Some of its manifestations can be corrected, others remain unchanged, thus, the type of nervous system becomes a determining factor for the formation of personality. And according to the behavior of the people around us in everyday life, film heroes or literary characters, it is not so difficult to determine their types of temperament. Examples of representatives of each of the four varieties of higher nervous activity will be given in this article.
Sanguine temperament
The basis of sanguine temperament is mobile, strong,
balanced type of HC. This means that the processes of excitation and inhibition of such individuals are in equilibrium. They are also characterized by liveliness, plasticity, quick speech with rich facial expressions and rapid movements. Sanguine people easily adapt to new conditions for them, they are energetic, efficient, life difficulties cause them not discouragement, but the desire to resist them, to change the situation. The productivity of an activity depends on its fascination: a sanguine person can engage in an interesting business for a long time, with pleasure, and very successfully.
He is easy and pleasant to communicate with: he quickly converges with people, is sympathetic, easily finds points of contact with any interlocutor. The new situation does not confuse him, but, on the contrary, tones it. The emotional sphere is characterized by positivity, good mood. Sanguine feelings are usually not deep and not strong, they can arise quickly and change just as quickly. This property makes it easier to survive failures, which generally contributes to greater success in life.
Based on these signs, it can be assumed that certain individuals or characters have a sanguine temperament. Examples in the literature: Steve Oblonsky ("Anna Karenina"), Sancho Panza ("The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote Lamanch"), Olga Larina ("Eugene Onegin"). In history, N. Bonaparte, A. I. Herzen, and P. Beaumarchais possessed this temperament.
Choleric temperament
This is the most vivid temperament. Examples to illustrate it are easiest to find, because a person with this type of nervous processes - strong, unbalanced and mobile - rarely remains in the shadows. Excitation in him prevails over inhibition, mental activity is very high. Behavior is characterized by imbalance, reactions - by fast pace, gestures - by strength and energy, sometimes fever. The life force of a choleric, as they say, splashes over the edge. He is prone to a stormy experience of any emotions, including anger, but self-control is clearly lacking. In work, such a person ponders a little and acts a lot, he devotes himself to the work with full dedication, but energy at this pace is short enough.
Such is the choleric temperament. Examples from history: poet Pushkin A.S., natural scientist Lomonosov M.V., commander Suvorov A.V., physiologist Pavlov I.P.
Of the literary characters: the old Prince Bolkonsky (War and Peace), Nozdrev (Dead Souls), Grigory Melekhov (The Quiet Don).
Phlegmatic temperament
This type of temperament is based on a strong, balanced, inert
type of nervous system. He has a low level of mental activity, all processes proceed slowly, calmly. Low activity and reactivity are characteristic. But high resistance to irritants, even strong and long-lasting - phlegmatic is not so easy to knock off the intended course.
His feelings are constant, although they are not expressed openly, his mood is most often calm and balanced. Speech is slow, quiet, inexpressive movements, rare and weak. The phlegmatic patient, able to endure the blows of fate, does not show his feelings to others. He is persistent in work, brings the matter to the end, loves order, and changes his habits only in exceptional cases.
Phlegmatic people in history: I. Kant (philosopher), C. Darwin (naturalist), I. A. Krylov (fabulist), G. Galliley (physicist and philosopher), M. I. Kutuzov (commander).
Examples from the literature: Ilya Oblomov ("Oblomov"), Sobakevich ("Dead Souls"), Pierre Bezukhov ("War and Peace").
Melancholy temperament
It is based on a weak type of GNI, therefore, the determination of the temperament of a melancholic
not particularly difficult. These are very sensitive people, reacting even to mild stimuli, while inhibition prevails over excitation. Low level of mental activity and reactivity. The melancholic gives the impression of an anxious, fearful person, passive and inhibited, strong stimuli often unbalance him, they can even lead to behavioral problems.
The speech is quiet, but the facial expressions are quite expressive, they seem to compensate for the low voice. The movements are slow, restrained, low-energy. A melancholic quickly gets tired, he generally does not have a lot of vitality, most often is in a depressed mood, rarely laughs. His feelings are deep and lasting, but his experiences are weakly reflected in his appearance and behavior. The circle of acquaintances of such a person is limited, because he is closed and taciturn.
So you can characterize the melancholy temperament. Examples in history: writer Gogol N.V., poet Zhukovsky V.A., poet Nadson S. Ya., Artist Levitan I.I.
Among the literary characters, it is worth noting Princess Marya Bolkonskaya (War and Peace), Podkolesina (Marriage), Tatyana Larina (Eugene Onegin).