One of the most common types of analysis in the lessons of the Russian language is the linguistic analysis of the text. Its purpose is to identify the main stylistic features of the text, their functions in the work, as well as determine the style of the author.
Like any other analysis, it has its own algorithm, which is worth observing. So, how to make a linguistic analysis of a literary text?
Of course, before considering the text, it should be read. And do not look quickly, but read carefully, thoughtfully and with expression. This will help to understand the work, plunge into it with your head.
Now you can proceed directly to the analysis. Let's look at the basic, most common scheme.
- First of all, it is worth determining which functional style of speech the analyzed text belongs to. Whether it is scientific, artistic or official business, epistolary.
- Define the main communicative goal of the analyzed text. This can be an exchange of information, the expression of one’s thoughts, an attempt to influence the emotional sphere of feelings.
Further linguistic analysis of the text involves identifying the main language tools used in the work. These include:
- stylistic means of phonetics: alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia;
- vocabulary: antonyms, paronyms, synonyms, homonyms, as well as metaphor and comparisons, dialect vocabulary, archaisms and historicisms, onomastic vocabulary;
- stylistic means of phraseology: these are phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, aphorisms and winged expressions, as well as all kinds of quotes;
- stylistic means of word formation: suffixes and prefixes;
- morphological means of the language: you need to find polysyndeton and asindeton in the text, indicate what functions in the text perform certain parts of speech;
- stylistic syntax resources: types of sentences, the presence of rhetorical questions, dialogues, monologues and polylogues, find incomplete sentences.
Linguistic analysis of the poem, as well as ballads and poems should be performed according to the same scheme. When analyzing a poetic work, due attention should be paid to the rhythm of the text, its sound.
Sometimes, the analysis scheme may include some other points:
- History of writing a work. Sometimes the events that preceded its creation help make the linguistic analysis of the text even more accurate.
- Identify the theme and problem of the work. The use of certain language means is often associated precisely with the problems of the text, its genre. For example, in satirical works that make fun of power, metaphors, metonyms, and transferences were often used.
- To characterize the main characters of the work. Quite often, this helps to determine why the author uses certain vocabulary in the speech of a character - clericalism, slang, dialecticism.
Linguistic analysis of the text involves a deep knowledge of the basic linguistic means, an understanding of exactly what functions in the text they perform. In addition, it allows you to better understand the author, his intentions and plunge into the world invented by the writer.