Despite the fact that Japan is a small island country, the language of these parts is very common in the world. The carriers of this means of communication are literally scattered across the globe, and the popularity of studying it is growing every day. This can be explained by the rich unique culture of this people, as well as a high standard of living and technological development. And consideration of what declination in the Japanese language may be useful.
Cases or particles?
An interesting fact is that the Japanese themselves doubt how declination occurs - by cases or by the addition of particles. Some philologists of the country of the Rising Sun have taken the point of view that this process occurs as a substitution of certain letter characters (particles). And the other half of linguists are of the opinion of the presence of case endings. To understand what declination is in the means of communication of the Japanese, we take the side of the latest linguistics specialists.
Japanese cases
Declination by cases in Japanese is carried out with the addition of particles. Distinguish several of these categories:
- The nominative thematic case is registered using the suffix は, thematic - が. The difference between the two categories is to give the subject different shades. For example, 青木 さ ん は ぎ し で す 。Here, the semantic emphasis is on the fact that Mr. Aoki is an engineer. Whereas in the next sentence, the engineer is precisely (of all those present) Mr. Aoki - 青木 さ ん が ぎ し で す 。.
- The genitive has two meanings - belonging and attribute of the subject, and the particle の is used. For example, か み の (paper).
- The dative case determines the direction of movement and the location of the object, and also indicates the point in time with the addition of particle に. To understand what declination is in this category, we give the following examples: 手 を 上 に (palms up), 十 時 に ね ま す。 (I go to bed at 10 o’clock), 私 は 部屋 に い ま す。 (I am in the room).
- In the accusative case, the noun acts as a direct complement, while the symbol marking this value is を. For example, か お を あ ら い ま す。 (wash your face).
- The instrumental case is used in determining the subject (object) by which the action is performed, as well as in indicating the place of action (which is slightly different from the case form of the Russian language). So, in the combinations “speak Japanese” (日本語 で 話 す) and “buy a book in a store” (本 屋 で 本 を 買 い ま す。) one particle で is used.
- The case case is registered by the particle , for example 東京 へ 行 き ま す。 (I will go to Tokyo).
- A joint case means an action with someone, for example, 私 は 妹 と 学校 へ 行 き ま す。 (I go to school with my younger sister). It can be noted that the declension of proper names in this category is also formed with the particle と.
- Initial-comparative and initial-limit categories are performed using the data structures “か ら - よ り” and “か ら - ま で”. For example, 青木 さ ん は 私 よ り 背 が た か い で す。 (Aoki is taller than me).
Knowing what declensions are in the Japanese language, you can make simple sentences and gradually develop your speaking skills. The rules for joining category particles are very simple - you just need to substitute them after the word without any changes. The noun itself also remains in its initial form, only the predicate changes.