The sewer system, like any other, has various elements that are designed to ensure the most efficient operation. These include inspection wells, which are necessary for servicing and monitoring the status of the system. The arrangement of inspection wells is required when changing the slope of the collectors, the diameter of the pipes and their direction.
Varieties of manholes
Viewing wells, depending on the design features, can be one of the types. Among them it should be distinguished: linear, rotary, nodal, control, flushing, differential, as well as those that have enlarged dimensions of the hatch. Linear are located on straight sections, rotary are used in those places where the sewage line changes its direction. The nodal well is in those places where several branches connect. Such a unit may have no more than three inlet and one outlet pipe. If we are talking about a large collector, then the design is called the connecting chamber. Control wells should be equipped in those places where the yard, factory, as well as the intra-quarter network are connected to the street. Flushing wells are located in primary areas where precipitation due to low speed is possible. Their need arises when pipe flushing is required.
Design
Viewing wells can be of a certain type, but, as a rule, have similar design features. They include the following elements: neck, tray, hatch, working chamber and base. They can be made of different materials, namely: plastic, reinforced concrete blocks, brick or stone. If the well is located in an area without pavement, then construction of a blind area is required around, it is necessary for the effective drainage of water. Viewing wells in the plan most often have the shape of a rectangle or circle. The base is made of reinforced concrete slabs, which are mounted on a crushed stone pillow. In the design, the pipeline passes into the tray, which is the main technological part. It is necessary for the movement of wastewater. Its total height should not be less than the diameter of a larger pipe. It is made of cast concrete using patterns. On two sides of the tray mounted shelves on which work surfaces are located. These items should have a slight slope toward the tray.
What else you need to know about the design features of the manhole
Sewer manholes are equipped with stairs and brackets for lowering. And their height is most often equal to 1800 millimeters, the diameter should correspond to the diameter of the pipe. The neck, as a rule, has a standard size, which is equal to 700 millimeters. The manhole manhole should be located at a height ranging from 70 to 200 millimeters above the ground. This element plays the role of protecting the camera from clogging. It protects people from accidents. Cast iron can be used as the material for the hatch, as well as polymeric materials, the latter of which are distinguished by strength, durability and lightness. Cast iron hatches, although more massive, are indispensable for laying on the roadway, where they will be subjected to heavy loads.
Manhole Characteristics
Wells used to be made of reinforced concrete and bricks, but today plastic wells are increasingly being used, which possess high rigidity qualities. In the West, this technology has been practiced for a very long time. The low frost resistance of this material did not add popularity to these products in Russia for some time, but today, modern plastics are suitable for the most severe climate. Plastic constructions do not differ from reinforced concrete almost nothing. The structure has a base, a telescopic cover and a shaft pipe. Sometimes there are rings of manholes, as well as a hatch and a stove. Plastic systems have many advantages over reinforced concrete, since they have exhaust outlets fitted to the dimensions of sewer pipes. If we are talking about reinforced concrete systems, then they require changes in the holes for the pipes and their formation, which involves time and financial costs.
Despite the fact that plastic wells seem rather fragile, reliability can be distinguished among their characteristics, because such products are able to undergo high pressure. If, looking at one of the elements of the sewage system, you have found the marking 3634 99 - manhole manholes in front of you. They can have special storm water inlets, each of which belongs to its class in terms of load. The following classes are most common: class B, which is capable of undergoing a load of up to 12.5 tons, as well as class D, it withstands up to 40 tons of load during operation.
Characteristics of plastic drainage manholes
A drainage well made of plastic has recently been increasingly purchased by customers. This is because it can be used at a fairly wide temperature range from -25 to +45 degrees. The inner surface of the pipe is smooth, which facilitates easy cleaning. Drainage wells are used to connect drainage pipelines and the subsequent collection of drainage water. The height of the core pipe and the number of conclusions can be individually selected by the consumer, everything will depend on the terrain. Such designs are ready to last more than 50 years, and they are based on polypropylene pipes. Pipes of manholes have an outlet diameter ranging from 63 to 200 millimeters, while the diameter of the core tube is standard and equal to 315 millimeters.
Line spacing between manholes
The distance between the linear manholes will depend on the diameter of the pipe. Thus, if the diameter is 50 millimeters, then the distance is 35 millimeters. If the diameter is more than 2000 millimeters, then the step between the wells should be 300 meters. With an average value ranging from 700 to 900 millimeters, wells should be removed from each other at a distance of 100 millimeters.
Depth of sewer pipes in the manhole
Installation of a sewer manhole should be completed by installing sewer pipes. The depth of their laying can vary from 30 to 40 centimeters, however, it is important to take into account the slope of the pipe in the ground, it should be one centimeter for each meter of the route. It is also not worth being carried away by the slope, since the input into the well should be higher, which will contribute to a minimum loss of volumes. Do not forget about the waterproofing of sewer wells. When digging a trench, you should not dig a ditch of too great depth, even if you plan to pour earth under the pipe. It is best to leave a small margin, as the sprinkled soil can subside over time, which will cause loss of slope of the track. It is forbidden to lay objects under the track, as they can lead to damage to the pipe.
Conclusion
You should not refuse to purchase plastic elements in favor of reinforced concrete before equipping the inspection wells, as they are absolutely tight, can be laid quite simply compared to heavy counterparts, and also have a low cost. During installation, you will not need to use special equipment, as well as during loading and unloading, you can even carry out these works without assistance. Such items are easy to operate, as they do not require frequent cleaning. In the process of their manufacture environmentally friendly materials are used.