This article focuses on a section of grammar such as syntax. What is he studying? We will answer this question.
Definition
The syntax studies the rules, means and methods of combining words, word forms and predicative units, as well as the resulting units. The laws of their construction cannot be understood and interpreted in isolation from the concepts of syntactic communication and syntactic relations. Therefore, they are the basic, fundamental concepts of the "syntax" section, which studies these and other phenomena.
Syntax units
These units arise and exist in the language to indicate syntactic relations - the most common typed meanings expressed by the means of the language and designed to construct material information. We introduce another definition from the syntax section. What else is he studying?
Syntax links
These are methods of connecting syntactic units by means of the language to express certain semantic relations.
There are two traditionally opposed types of such a connection: composition and submission. In addition to them, coordination and position are distinguished, and within the subordinate connection - duplex.
Coordination occurs between the subject and the predicate in the sentence structure. Its difference from the subordinate connection (coordination) can be quite clearly defined:
- Coordination is a subordinate connection, the presence of the main and dependent components. Coordination - correlation, mutual conditioning of the subject and predicate.
- Alignment goes along the whole paradigm of the main word. Coordination is the correlation of the individual forms of the subject and the predicate (only I., and the conjugated form of the verb).
- When coordinated, a phrase is formed, in coordination - a sentence.
- When negotiated, the dependent component performs the syntactic function of the definition. When coordinated, the syntactic functions of the main members of the sentence are subject and predicate.
With an appositive connection, it is impossible to clearly define, as in submission, the main and dependent word. The form of the application is not consistent, that is, it is not likened to the form determined, but the coincidence of gender and number, when it is observed, is explained not by the grammatical properties of the latter, but by nominations of realities. The same case is explained by the syntactic parallelism of the forms, since they are controlled by the same verb-predicate: the river-beauty, the villain-trap, but the newspaper Izvestia, the magazine Za Rulem, etc.
Duplexive is a double submission that arises only in the sentence structure: "He looked tired." This connection is often used by Russian syntax, which studies similar phenomena. The word form "weary" takes the form of the gender and number of the word being determined, and the choice of case depends on the verb.
Syntax relations
For all types of syntactic relations between the components of syntactic units and themselves, syntactic relations arise. The main methodological method for their detection is a system of logical questions.
Syntactic relationships are also what are learned in syntax. They are definitive, objective and make-up. Objects convey the relationship between a state or action and the subject it is directed to: "write a letter." Definitive arises when an object, action, phenomenon, sign, condition is characterized by internal or external quality, properties, and also receive different circumstantial characteristics: “merry milkman”, “house in the garden”. A replenishing relationship takes place when a certain dependent word substantively fills the main thing: "do noble," "a kilogram of bread," "days of late autumn." This is what science syntax studies.