In the Russian language there are several types of subordinate connection between words. One of them is management. Often in writing and in speech you can find violations of control. To avoid this, you should familiarize yourself with this type of syntactic connection in more detail.
What is management?
Management is a type of connection between two words, where the main word determines the formulation of the dependent word: in which case it should be, with or without pretext. This connection can be either rigid and not tolerant of changes, or more flexible, allowing for various variations.
How to distinguish management from coordination
It is important to be able to distinguish management from coordination. When coordinating, the main word dictates to the subordinate both gender, number, and case. They seem to act as a whole, and the subordinate word always changes after the main thing. For example: handsome man - handsome man - handsome man (nouns are consistent by gender, and the number with case of the subordinate word changes along with the main one). Or: a beautiful thing –– beautiful things –– beautiful things .
Under control, the main word dictates to the subordinate only the case (and the presence / absence of a preposition). The dependent word has a frozen form in a specific case and does not necessarily change after the main one. For example: he asked her for a service - she will ask her for a service - they ask her for a service . We see that the main word “ask” changes, but the subordinate “her” always remains fixed in the accusative case without an excuse.
Management is divided into species according to various characteristics.
Prepositional and direct management
One of the possible classifications is prepositional and non-directive management. As it is easy to conclude from the name, prepositional management requires a preposition, and non-prepositional management does not. For example: to admit something (prepositional), confirm something (non - prepositional).
Often a violation of management consists in replacing one of these types with another: to operate with data (wrong) - to operate with data (right), inherent for men (wrong) - inherent to men (right), pay bills (wrong) - pay bills (right) , interested in his affairs (wrong) - interested in his affairs (right).
Often between the same words there can be both prepositional and unproblematic control. They may have slight differences in meaning or stylistically, but none of them should be considered a violation of management. Examples: walking around the field - walking the field, traveling by train - traveling by train, working in the evenings - working in the evenings, a letter to his father - a letter to his father, understandable to everyone - understandable to everyone as an eccentric - to be known as an eccentric, to watch for the first time - to watch for the first time, five meters wide - five meters wide, at a speed of seventy kilometers per hour - at a speed of seventy kilometers per hour .
Strong and weak management
Management is also divided into strong and weak. Strong management is characterized by the fact that the main word unambiguously defines the case of the dependent: write a book (mandatory accusative case). Weak management implies variations in the forms of the dependent word: write about nature (prepositional case), write in pencil (instrumental).
Types of morphology management of the main word
Management can be divided into different types of parts of speech, to which the main word refers: verb ( to love art ), adverbial ( contrary to circumstances ), object (leaving home ), comparative ( easier than feathers ), numbering ( two children ), pronoun ( she with friends ).
Typical examples of mismanagement in Russian
You should be careful when making sentences in which the subordinate word can be attributed immediately to different main words. This will not be considered a direct violation of management in the proposal, but may give rise to ambiguity. For example: All the leaders of our company came to meet guests from London . With this wording, it remains unclear: did guests from London or managers come from London?
Also, it will be considered a mistake to line up a large number of words depending on each other in the same case form, even if the management standards are observed. Example: students in a category B driver training course - syntax error.
A considerable problem is the violation of the control of words that are close in meaning, since very often the control norms of one of a pair of such words are automatically transferred to the second. It is necessary to distinguish management in phrases similar to the following: reproach what - reproach someone, take offense at someone / what - offended by someone / what, warn against what - warn about what, rejoice at what / someone - pleased with what / by whom, full of what - overflowed with what, to condemn what - to sentence to what, satisfied with what / whom - glad to what / whom, to be a participant in what - to participate in what, worry about what / whom - to worry about what / whom, identical to what - similar to what / whom .
One of the possible mistakes is a violation of verbal control: to doubt about something, to tell for something, to admire something, to understand about something . Such use cases can often be found in colloquial speech, but they are a gross violation.
Sometimes, if there are several additions at once, confusion can occur leading to a violation of management. Example: organization and participation in the game is an erroneous version of building a phrase. The words “ organization ” and “ participation ” require different management, therefore they cannot be homogeneous members in this case. It will be right: the organization of the game and participation in it . To love and admire the sea is wrong. That's right: to love the sea and admire it . To study and get involved in mathematics is wrong. That's right: to study mathematics and get involved in it .
Some features of management standards
Separately, it is worth mentioning about the "legalized" management errors that are inherent in professional jargon, mainly legal. For example, such a well-known phrase as “ put on the wanted list ” from the point of view of literary norm is incorrect. Such a form of management does not exist in the Russian language. You can " announce what " and " announce what ." Also used in jurisprudence, but formally incorrect are such phrases as: condemn to imprisonment, for lack of corpus delicti, proceedings, according to the order and others. However, they are widely used and can be found in official documents.