The organizational structure is a management system that takes into account the composition, subordination and interaction of the main elements. As practice shows, between them there are connections that are divided into several groups. Let's consider them in more detail.
Linear connections are necessary if there is a direct subordination between departments of different levels in management. In this case, the lower manager is subordinate only to the immediate supervisor.
Functional relationships are characterized by the presence of interaction of managers who perform a number of functions at all levels. There is no administrative submission between them.
Cross-functional communications exist between departments of the same level in management.
The organizational structure has a special typology. Let us dwell on its characteristic in more detail.
The linear organizational structure is the most simplified system, within which there is only one-channel interaction. Each subordinate has only one leader, who gives sole orders, controlling and supervising the actions of the employee.
Analysis of the organizational structure of the enterprise, designed on the basis of linear relationships, allows you to highlight the following advantages:
- clarity of relationship;
- efficiency;
- high degree of responsibility of individual managers;
- low expenses for the maintenance of the staff of managers.
Linear control is ideal for small businesses.
The line-head organizational structure is used in the management of departments and workshops. In this case, one-man management is retained when the manager prepares the decision, tasks and orders for the executors. But this is carried out with the help of specialist analysts who collect, analyze and synthesize information. It is these departments that develop draft administrative acts and documents.
Functional organizational structure provides for the separation of functions in management between units and departments. This will make it possible to disperse and entrust administrative and managerial work to more qualified personnel. In order for such a system to be effective, complex coordination between services is needed to prepare an important document. In this case, the efficiency of all work is reduced, and the time taken to make decisions is lengthened.
Divisional organizational structure implies the presence of strategic and corporate functions of management. We are talking about financial activities, the development of a company’s strategy and more. Management is usually concentrated in the highest echelon of administration; there is a decentralization of the operational functions that are transferred to production units. The result is a flexible response to external changes, the rapid adoption of managerial decisions and improving their quality. Among the main shortcomings, one can single out that there is an increase in the number of chiefs' apparatus and maintenance costs.
Matrix organizational structure implies the formation of subject-specific links, design teams. They are formed from the most experienced and competent employees who report to this leader only temporarily. After completion of work, everyone returns to their functional unit.
In conclusion, the following should be noted. In business practice, any system, whether the organizational structure of a restaurant, bank or large enterprise, uses a combination of distinguished types.