A variety of bulls and cows are bred on farms. In order to preserve the best qualities of cattle in productivity, it is imperative to carry out breeding work. At the same time, it is especially important to provide the best care for the insemination bulls. First of all, animals must receive high-quality feed. The farm should also be equipped accordingly.
Basic rules for the selection of gobies
The actual breeding work itself can be carried out in two ways: along lines and along families. In the first case, the breed is improved by using the best bulls, called producers. Families create from the queen with the best performance. When growing cattle , the first technique is most often used. When selecting manufacturing bulls, farmers take into account factors such as:
Tribal qualities of parents. For example, a mother cow must be pedigree at least 4 generations and give milk at least 150% of the standards for this particular breed. At the same time, the insemination bull can only be selected from a father who has a breeding category for the milk of daughters At and a good exterior, rated at least 9 points.
Intensity and developmental features. Control is carried out by weighing at birth, when transferred to the calf, and then monthly. At 12 months the bot is in progress. When checking, special attention is paid to the exterior. A breeding bull must have a strong constitution and a harmonious physique.
The quality of the offspring. Check on this indicator is carried out in 12 months. The sperm of a bull inseminates several tens of cows. If fertilization occurs in less than 50% of the uterus, the animal is disqualified. The daughters of a bull-calf are evaluated for quality at 12-18 months. The tribal value of the inseminator is determined by the difference in the productivity indicators of his daughters and their peers.
Of course, without creating good conditions for the bulls-producers, it is simply impossible to achieve any significant results in breeding work. First of all, an appropriate diet should be developed for animals. In addition to the equipment of the farm itself with feeders and drinking bowls, it is also worth taking care of ensuring the safety of personnel and animals.
What should be a barn
Animals are usually kept in a specially designated stall. In addition, each insemination bull must have an individual fenced place. The room itself should be clean, spacious and bright. Without fail, ventilation is also equipped.
Leash for bulls is recommended to use the most strong. These animals are usually very powerful and strong. Therefore, a breeding bull-producer is tied most often using not a rope, but a chain. The length of the latter should be such that the animal can freely move around the machine and lay down. In the neck area a fabric or leather belt is placed under the metal. There should not be any objects in the machine that the animal could hurt.
The insemination bull is often not only powerful, but also quite aggressive. Some individuals have a habit of throwing themselves at others, including people. Therefore, in the stall, on the way to the place of semen collection, etc., special safety islands for the farm employees are arranged.
Walking the bulls
The cattle farm, on which the producers are kept, must be equipped with a range. The latter settles down in the immediate vicinity of the stall. Of course, the paddock should be fenced using the most durable materials. According to the standards, it is possible to let the bulls out into the street only if there is a carrier stick and a leash. The first is fixed in the nose ring of the animal. It is not recommended to walk producers along with cows or calves.
Feeding Features
Normally, any bull-producer will develop only if it develops the most balanced diet. It is noticed that if the inseminators do not receive enough feed or eat too monotonously, the quality of their sperm is markedly deteriorated. At the same time, animals come back to normal no less than two months after the correction of the situation.
Actually, the diet itself is developed taking into account the breed of the animal, its age, sexual load in a given specific period of time, weight. Most often, three types of feeding are used on farms:
According to the regulations, in the non-random period, the bulls require feeds, the energy value of which is 0.8-1.1 ECE, with an average load of 1.3-0.9 ECE, with a high load of 1.6-1.1 ECE.
Of course, thoroughbred bulls should not overeat. Obesity can lead to impaired function of the accessory sex glands and, as a consequence, to impotence. In addition, in too thick bulls, due to inactivity, the ligaments of the hind limbs often weaken. As a result, they are subsequently extremely reluctant to mate.
Animal ration
The best results in breeding can be achieved by keeping bulls on feed that meet the requirements of the first class. It is not recommended to give the animals voluminous or watery and, at the same time, non-nutritious feeds, for example, such as chaff, straw, meal, beer pellet , etc.
It is also desirable to exclude the green mass of cruciferous from the diet of manufacturing bulls. Such grass contains substances that can disrupt the exchange of iodine in the body and the function of the thyroid gland.
Typically, such animals are fed legumes and cereals, well leafy hay. Green mass in the summer before laying in the feeders a little wilted. Root crops with dietary properties are also required. Tuberous crops are rarely fed, since they often contain an increased amount of nitrates. As concentrates, each insemination bull should receive feed (40-50% in nutrition).
When growing such animals, the schedule is mandatory. Bulls are fed at least three times a day. At the same time, about 70% of the daily dose is given at noon. The remainder is evenly distributed for morning and evening feeding.
Additives
In addition to concentrated, rough and succulent feeds, each bull must receive various kinds of vitamins and minerals. If these additives are neglected, it will be impossible to achieve good breeding results. For each feed unit, according to the standards, 60-70 mg of carotene and about 35 g of vitamin E.
From trace elements, any bull breed must receive phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium in sufficient quantities. The first plays an important role in the process of spermatogenesis. Separately, phosphorus supplements are rarely given to animals. The fact is that this element is contained in rather large quantities in concentrated feeds. The sodium deficiency is made up with sodium chloride. Typically, the diets of manufacturing bulls also normalize the content of trace elements such as iron, zinc, cobalt, iodine, copper and manganese.
Mating
On farms, both natural mating and artificial insemination of cows can be used. In the first case, specially designated machines are used. Equip them in the room where the bulls are. Cows are driven no earlier than two hours after feeding. Pass the mating must under the control of an experienced cattleman. The bull is preliminarily made a five-minute exposure. This helps to increase the amount of sperm and increase its quality.
Artificial insemination is carried out by specially trained specialists after detection in hunting heifers. Bull semen is pre-selected and stored in special airtight containers in liquid nitrogen.
Conclusion
Good results in breeding can be achieved only if the cattle farm, which contains bulls, is well equipped, and at the same time its owners are responsible for feeding animals. Proper care and comfortable living conditions for producers will provide the best result in terms of replenishing the herd, maintaining and improving the breed.