To date, the issue of internal risks is quite complicated for each enterprise, this is connected with the work of investors, and with such a seemingly routine and familiar event as analysis of the income and expenses of the enterprise, since even in official sources all types of risks are usually are reduced to one - production and technological (accidents, equipment failures). But external risks pose no less danger to the lender and the enterprise, the nature of which lies in the deterioration of the financial and economic conditions of business, the bankruptcy of business partners, changes in contract terms, currency shocks, and other circumstances that somehow complicate the analysis of the company's income and expenses. Inflation also has a very negative effect on the analysis of income and expenses.
This characteristic of investment activity, such as increased risk, requires special attention to this problem from all participants of the investment project, both the bank and the borrowers. However, the bank, as a rule, plays the main role in the risk management procedure, since the investment of a credit institution is more significant than that of the initiator of investments, and also because large banks have more significant experience in analyzing the economic efficiency of the project, and in other issues of conducting an investment project , which indirectly affects the analysis of income of the enterprise participating in investment activities.
Among the main risk factors for bank investment lending characteristic of the Russian Federation are the following:
- Commercial banks in the current conditions of monetary policy solve a number of problems in identifying and mitigating the risks arising from the implementation of investment lending. But the high uncertainty of the business environment, its dependence on the bureaucratic apparatus, the technical difficulties that accompany the analysis of the company's income and expenses, require funding banks to improve the quality of risk management, it becomes a vital condition for business success for the enterprise, and competitiveness for the bank.
- Credit organizations, providing the investment project lending service, carry out all the stages of risk management identified in theory, from identifying risks when receiving an application for lending to an investment project to assessing the results of risk reduction during the project monitoring period. But one cannot fail to notice that overdue debt remains at a high level, which indicates the need to improve the process of managing investment lending risks.
To improve the risk management of a credit institution in the implementation of investment bank lending, the following methods should be applied to minimize risks:
- Issuance of a reserve (additional) loan. The proposed method will reduce the risk of underfunding an investment project for a borrower; and it will be possible for a credit institution to receive additional interest income, and reduce possible time resources for consideration by a credit institution of an application for additional financing of an investment project.
- It is necessary to open settlement accounts of all the main participants in investment projects with the bank that finances the transaction. This will make it possible to track cash flows, competently maintain accounting procedures carried out during the implementation of the investment project, and also will not be able to lead to large-scale expenditures of the borrower's resources and change the financing conditions for the project, in the direction of tightening them.
- Conclusion of contracts for the purchase of products or services of a project in stages. This method will allow you to optimize the analysis of the income and expenses of the enterprise, to calculate the indicators of the investment efficiency of the transaction based on the construction of a more accurate cash flow from the project.
Thus, a well -formed risk management strategy acts as an effective tool that promotes successful climate management.