One of the most difficult topics in the Russian language lessons is “Personal endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation”. Many students have to make efforts to understand the intricacies of this issue. Let's try to find out the main provisions and rules.
Verb as part of speech
Our language is very rich and diverse. A special place in it is occupied by such an important and sometimes simply irreplaceable part of speech, which we use every day as a verb. It is he who makes our speech be mobile and dynamic. Before you know what endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation, we will understand what this morphological group is.
This part of speech is used very often and is in second place after the use of nouns. And all because it denotes an action or some state of an object. In the initial form answers the question "what to do?"
Verbs are a variable group of speech according to numbers (running - running) , and also according to faces (erasing - erasing - erasing) . Conjugation is what linguists call this phenomenon. Each of them has its own special composition of endings, which will be discussed later. In a sentence, verbs can be very different members of a sentence. Basically, they play the role of predicates.
1 conjugation
Depending on what combination of letters the verb ends with, it is assigned to the first or second conjugation. This rule is easy to understand. If we have before us a word based on -to, -yat and others (except -it), then it has 1 sp. For example: chatting, jumping, blushing, pushing, fighting. Please note that this is a combination of letters, not inflection, as many schoolchildren incorrectly believe.
Remember: correctly writing the personal endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation will help the construction of the word in the infinitive. It is by him that we can distinguish one form from another. For example, the word “shave” in the infinitive will be “shave”. It ends with –it, but nevertheless refers to 1 spr. The same with the verb "lay". These words are usually referred to as exceptions.
2 conjugation
This group differs from the first and other basis, as well as the presence of exceptions. Knowing all these subtleties, you can easily distinguish the endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation. How to determine them, we learn further.
When we have before us a verb that has an initial basis in -it, we can safely say that this word is 2 sp. For example: talk, ask, buy, come. However, this group also includes words ending on a different basis. You need to remember them, then you will not experience any difficulties in determining the personal endings of the verbs I and II of conjugation. The list of exceptions is 11 verbs: drive (neck), breathe (nose), look (at the teacher), see (fight), hear (in silence), hate (war), depend (on mom), endure (pain), twirl (ball), offend (younger), hold (in hands).
Personal endings of verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation
Now that we know the most basic information about this part of speech, we have to learn about some difficulties. Each conjugation has its own special set of endings. Changing verbs by faces, we will see that to 1 spr. include those that in the plural have inflection -out (or -yut). For example: whiten - turn white, show - show. In units h. in the end will necessarily be the letter "e": throw - throw, throw, sow - sow, sow.
Remember that only inflections in an unstressed position are determined in this way. Consider the word "live." It would seem that it ends in –it and refers to 2 sp. Now we put it in the second person, we get “live” (“live”), in the third - “live” (“live”). This example clearly shows that the word refers to the first one, since in the singular the letter “e” is present in the ending, and in the plural. hours - ut. Thus, we conclude that with the help of the infinitive we check conjugation only when we doubt the unstressed position. It is then that the spelling is in a weak position.
Practice
To secure any rule, it is necessary to complete a series of training tasks. As he begins to study the topic "Personal endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation" 4th grade, exercises must be given based on their level of knowledge. Students will return to this question at the middle level. For example, in grades 6-7. Therefore, in elementary school the simplest and most understandable tasks are given that fourth-graders are able to solve.
After studying the verb and its conjugations, it is worthwhile to invite children to try to identify them independently. This can be a ready-made list of words, as well as a text in which the guys have to independently search for this part of speech. Already in high school, you can complicate the task: to provide students with the opportunity to write an essay on a topic themselves using the verbs of both conjugations in personal forms. In this way, they will be able to reflect their knowledge and gaps on the material covered. After the work done, an analysis of the topic and reflection is necessary, which will help the children to master the knowledge gained.
It is advisable to use didactic material in which exceptions will be used. Only in practice, children will be able to practice well and understand how the personal endings of the verbs 1 and 2 of the conjugation are written. You can also use cards on which the letters at the end of the verbs will be omitted. For instance:
Snow that ... t in the fields.
When will you write a letter?
We will fulfill ... m the control to "excellent"!
At the same time, students need not only to insert the desired letter, but also to explain their choice. To do this, ask them to prescribe an algorithm for determining the end. Only after such work can we assess whether the children understood this difficult topic or not.
Conclusion
Studying morphology in a school course is not an easy task. It requires the child not only to remember the rules, but also the ability to reason. Having a large list of exceptions can confuse the student. But with good training, any student will be able to easily distinguish one conjugation of a verb from another. And from this it follows that with the personal endings of this part of speech, problems should not arise.