Truthfully once said Leo Tolstoy: "Great and powerful Russian language." And this is true, so it is so hard for foreigners. Indeed, in terms of vocabulary, Russian is one of the richest languages in the world, and even philologists take many years to master its grammar and punctuation.
In this article, we will discuss the topic of homogeneous sentence members (GPP), namely their concept, rules of use and punctuation used in this case. In particular, we will dwell in more detail on what a homogeneous predicate is and what role it plays in the text.
Why are OCP necessary?
Sentences in the Russian language are classified into simple and complex (depending on the number of syntactic links), into one-part and two-part (by the presence of both subject and predicate), as well as into common and non-distributed (by the number of secondary members). The existence of such a rich syntax allows us to form multifaceted complex designs and different styles of prose. And, on the contrary, sentences with homogeneous predicates, subjects, additions, definitions, or circumstances can be used as a method of simplifying the semantic load: they eliminate the need for a heap of text and reduce it. Thus, it is possible to accommodate more information in a smaller verbal form.
Parsing
As an example, we can make a sentence with homogeneous predicates: “At the break, the children played musical instruments, sang and danced.” It is simple, two-part, widespread and at the same time not piled up with extraneous words. The only thing that complicates it is homogeneous predicates expressed by verbs in the plural of the past tense and connected by punctuation marks and a single conjunction “and”. Thus, instead of a complex sentence (“At a break, some children played musical instruments, others sang, and the rest danced”), we were able to use a more compact version, preserving the previous volume of information. So, we briefly explained what a homogeneous predicate is and what its role is in a sentence. Now consider how to apply it in the text.
The concept
Homogeneous members are those that belong to the same word, answer the same questions and perform the same function in the sentence (subject / predicate / circumstances / additions / definitions). For example, "On the table were a COMPUTER, RADIO, GLOBUS, a
toy CAR and an elegant STATUETTE." All five highlighted words are dependent on the predicate and answer the general question “what was found?” - "computer, radio, globe, typewriter and figurine." It can also be concluded that homogeneous members can be connected by
composing unions (single or repeating) or punctuation, but then they are necessarily accompanied by the intonation of the enumeration. Most often, this technique is used in descriptions of living objects or objects, helping to form an idea of it. In addition, they determine the special style of the proposal. Thus, homogeneous predicates give the text dynamism: “Dima either ran, then stumbled, then again accelerated the pace, decisively wresting victory from his rivals.”
Morphology and Punctuation
Now we will examine in more detail what a homogeneous predicate is. Namely: how it can be expressed, and what punctuation marks are used for this. The simplest technique is the use of homogeneous sentence members in the form of one part of speech, separated from each other only by unions or punctuation marks.
For example, "At the party everyone chatted, laughed, joked and danced." This sentence can be complicated by spreading homogeneous terms. It will turn out: “At the party everyone chatted with each other, loudly laughed, fervently joked and danced to pop music.” You can also add a generalizing word (a separate word that is specified and specified by a number of homogeneous members, while it applies to all the words of this series, answering one question with them and being the same member of the sentence). For example, "At the party everyone chatted, laughed, joked, danced - in a word, had fun." That is, if the generalizing word is after a series of homogeneous members, then a dash is placed in front of it. And if it is located at the beginning of the row (“At the party everyone had fun: chatting, laughing, joking and dancing”), then a colon is placed after it.
Note
On the whole, we found out what a homogeneous predicate is, what is its role in the sentence, and what punctuation is formed without a generalizing word with it. Now it remains only to analyze the special difficulties, namely: how to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous members of a sentence. The problem is that they can be expressed in different parts of speech and even phrases and phraseological units. For example, "Peter lay all day, slept, ate, walked and watched TV - in a word, he beat the bucks." Or "Ani's hair grew smooth, shiny, with funny curls around her ears."
It should also be distinguished from homogeneous members of the sentence the repeating words (the Pope joked, and the children LAUGHED, LAUGHED, LAUGHED), the same forms separated by a “not” particle (BELIEVE NOT BELIEVE, but he loves you), steady turns (NO FISH, NOT MEAT, NOT Pooh no feathers, no give no take, etc.) and compound predicates expressed by a combination of two verbs (I WILL GO TO LOOK, GIVE TO MAKE, I WILL TAKE AND TELL). Remember that in the above situations, the highlighted words are one member of the sentence!