Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev, whose poetry, biography and creative path will be discussed below, is an extremely interesting person. No wonder he is considered one of the best Russian classics, among whom he takes at least a place of honor. He became famous not only as a poet, but also as a diplomat in the service of Russia, and also (although to a lesser extent) as a publicist and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Like many creative personalities, his relationship with women was confusing, one might say creative, and did not fit into the framework of philistine morality. There were mistakes and tragic moments on the poet’s life.
F.I. Tyutchev, biography. A brief history of young years
Fyodor Tyutchev saw the light in the family estate Ovstug of the Bryansk district on December 5, 1803. We can say that he was a child prodigy. He knew Latin, was fond of Roman poetry and at the age of 13 translated Horace's verses. Fourteen years old, became a free student of the Word Department of Moscow University, and at 16 became a member of the student society of lovers of Russian literature. Having received a diploma in 1821, Tyutchev gets a good place - the work of an attache (albeit a freelance) in Bavaria, under the Russian diplomatic mission.
In Munich, Tyutchev (biography does not give details) gets acquainted with Heine and Schelling, as well as Novalis. The latter subsequently had a very great influence on the poet's work. In 1826, a young Russian diplomat marries Countess Eleanor Peterson. From this marriage three daughters were born. In 1937, the family crashes in the Baltic Sea. To save his wife and daughters, Tyutchev helps Ivan Turgenev, who turned out to be a passenger of the same ship. But the disaster fatally affected Peterson's health, and she dies in 1838.
Three muses
Although eyewitnesses say that Tyutchev turned gray at the grave of his wife in one night, the next year he enters into a new marriage - with the recently widowed Baroness Ernestina Pfeffel-Dernberg. There is evidence that he had a relationship with her during the lifetime of Eleanor. In addition to these two ladies, the poet devoted many lyric poems to a certain EA Denisyeva. Which of these three women was most loved by Tyutchev, his biography - a brief history of his life - is silent about this.
Return to Russia
Until 1844, on behalf of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Tyutchev was actively engaged in work to promote Russia's active image in the West. He writes his first journalistic works: “Letter to Mr. Dr. Kolb,” “Note to the Tsar,” “Russia and the Revolution,” and others. In Russia, he took the place of senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1858, he rose to the rank of full state councilor.
Being a tough censor and an ardent champion of the Russian empire, Tyutchev (a short poet’s biography is full of such oddities) was still part of Belinsky’s circle and was published in the journal Sovremennik. In December 1872, the Privy Councilor felt a sharp decline in health. Headaches began to haunt him, his left arm lost sensitivity, his vision was weak. January 1, 1873 he was hit by a blow, half paralyzing the poet. On July 15 of the same year, Tyutchev died, and this happened in Tsarskoye Selo. The classic is buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.
Poet Tyutchev: biography and creativity
Researchers of the works and the style of Tyutchev believe that his path as a creator can be divided into three periods. Youthful verses (until 1820) are archaic in style. The second period (1820–40s) is an odic poetry in which the features of European romanticism are intertwined. After a 10-year break in writing poetry, a third, mature period begins (1850-70). The Denisievsky cycle of love lyrics is being created, political works are being written.