The syntax of the Russian language is an interesting, fascinating, but at the same time extremely complex section of Russian grammar. A complex sentence and everything connected with it is studied in the school course of the Russian language, and is also included in the examination paper.
Variants of subordination of dependent parts of a
complex sentence (sequential subordination of subordinate clauses including) will be considered below.
Complicated sentence: clauses
A complex sentence is where there are two or more grammatical foundations, one of which is the main one, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out (main part) when morning came (dependent part). The subordinate or dependent parts can be of different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main sentence to the dependent. So, when asked which dependent part is considered decisive: the forest (which?) In which we walked, thinned. If the question of circumstance is seized on the dependent part, the subordinate part is determined as circumstantial. Finally, if the question of the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.
Complicated sentence: several subordinate clauses
Often in texts and exercises there are complex sentences, where there are several subordinate clauses. Moreover, not only the subordinate clauses themselves may be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main sentence or to each other.
A way to subordinate clauses| Title | Description | Example |
| Parallel submission | The main proposal includes dependent parts of different types. | When the ice broke, fishing began, which the men had been waiting all winter. (The main sentence: fishing began. The first subordinate adverbial: began (when?); The second subordinate definitive: fishing (what?). |
| Uniform submission | The main proposal includes dependent parts of the same type. | Everyone knows how the BAM was built and how expensive the people paid for it. (The main sentence: everyone knows. Both adherent explanatory clauses belong to it: how the BAM was built and how much the people paid for it. The adverbial clauses are homogeneous, as they relate to a single word - it’s known, they ask one question: is it known (what?) |
| Sequential submission | The main sentence refers to one subordinate clause, on which other clauses depend. | He guessed that they didn’t like the movie they watched. (On the main sentence, he guessed one dependent clause: that they didn’t like the film . On the clause related to the main sentence, another depends: which they watched. |
Defining parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. Solving this issue, it is necessary first of all to find the main proposal, and then, asking questions from him, to determine the nature of subordination.
Subordination and sequential submission
In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative bases, there may be a subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinates are subordinate, depending on a single main sentence. Sequential submission is different from subordination. The fact is that in complex sentences with sequential subordination, not all subordinate clauses depend on the main sentence, that is, there is no subordination in them.
Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses.
- Read the sentence carefully.
- Highlight grammar basics.
- Determine if a sentence is complex. In other words, to find out whether there are main and dependent parts, or parts of a complex sentence are equal.
- Identify subordinate clauses directly related to the main sentence.
- The subordinate part, which is not related in meaning to the main sentence, will relate to another part dependent on the main sentence. This is a consistent subordination of subordinate parts.
Following this algorithm, you can quickly find the offer specified in the task.
The main thing is to know the answer to the question, the consistent subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where the dependent part depends on the main clause, which is the main for another clause.
Sentence structure with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
The most interesting structurally is the complex sentence with the consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent subordinate clauses can be located both outside the main sentence and inside it.
The day they spent in the sunny city, where there are many historical monuments, was remembered by them forever.
Here, the main sentence of the day is remembered by him forever encircled by clauses related to each other. The dependent definitive part that they spent in the sunny city depends on the main offer . This subordinate part is the main for the subordinate definitive part where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. In another sentence, He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken; the main sentence is located outside the subordinate clauses.
Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses
Sequential subordination of subordinate parts is used both in colloquial speech, and in writing. Such suggestions are found in works of fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkina: Natalia Gavrilovna was famous in the assemblies for the best dancer, which was ... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who the next day came to apologize to Gavril Afanasevich ; at L.N. Tolstoy: I remembered how once he thought that her husband recognized, and was preparing for a duel ... in which he intended to shoot into the air ; from I.A Bunin: And when I looked up, I again dreamed ... that this silence is a mystery, part of what is beyond the knowable.