The poet F.I. Tyutchev, whose biography and work were known to few during his lifetime, received real popular recognition only many years after his death. And only now the value of his works for the Russian nation becomes clear.
Childhood and youth F.I. Tyutchev
The birthplace of the future poet was the estate Ovstug, located in the Bryansk district of Orel province.
His parents came from an old noble family. Fedor's father rose to the rank of adviser and quit quite early. More influence on the development of the boy had his mother, Tyutcheva Ekaterina Lvovna. Until the age of 12, N. A. Khlopov, an uncle assigned to him, took care of Fedor. In November 1812, the family moved to live in their home in Moscow. Here, Raich S. Ye., A poet-translator, a graduate of the seminary, was hired as a teacher for the boy. In 1818, his father introduced Fedor to V. Zhukovsky. The biography of Tyutchev provided by the researchers (brief) reports that it was from this moment that he was born as a thinker and poet. His imitations of Horace were read in the Society of lovers of Russian literature. And at the age of 14, Fedor was elected his employee. At Moscow University, of course, in his verbal department, Tyutchev continued his education. There he met many beginning writers, and there he "became infected" with Slavophile views.
Tyutchev's short biography: marriage, a new position
With a candidate’s degree, Fedor graduated from university three years earlier than anticipated. The family council decided that he should enter the diplomatic service. Father took him to Petersburg. Soon, the 18-year-old boy was given the rank of provincial secretary in the College of Foreign Affairs. Then Osterman-Tolstoy, in whose house Tyutchev temporarily lived, made sure that the young man received the post of supernumerary official of the Russian Embassy in Bavaria, the capital of which was Munich.
Apart from short breaks, Tyutchev lived there for 22 years. Here, in 1823, Fedor met his first love - 15-year-old Amalia Lerhenfeld. But her father, noting the fascination of his daughter Tyutchev, hastened to marry the girl to Alexander Krudener, who served as secretary of the Russian embassy. After her wedding, Tyutchev also quickly married Eleanor Peterson. He took a young widow with three children, and then they had common children, three daughters. In 1833, at one of Tyutchev's balls, they introduced old Baron Dernberg and his young wife Ernestina, 22 years old. A few days later her husband died. An affair began between Fedor and Ernestina, which his wife soon learned about. She tried to kill herself, but she was saved, and Tyutchev promised to part with the Baroness. These events coincided with success in the literary field. A brief biography of Fedor Tyutchev from then on, it would seem, has changed for the better. The Russian authorities transferred the poet to the embassy in Turin.
Life abroad
Eleanor stayed with her children in St. Petersburg in the spring of 1838. When they returned to Turin by boat, a fire broke out there. Rescuing children, the woman experienced a severe shock and was very weakened. Upon returning, Eleanor caught a cold and in August of that same year she died in the arms of her husband. In one night, Tyutchev became gray-haired. Nevertheless, this event did not prevent him in December of the same year in Genoa from secretly concluding an engagement with Ernestina. In the summer they got married.
Tyutchev was fired from service and was stripped of his rank. After 6 years, the couple returned to the poet's homeland. Due to the fact that
Nicholas I approved Tyutchev’s speeches for the unification of Eastern Europe with Russia, he was reinstated as chamberlain and given a position at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The acquaintance of the poet with a new love, Elena Denisieva, occurred in 1848. She was almost the same age as his daughters (24 years old). Their relationship was quite open and lasted 14 years. They had three children in common. Denisyev died before the poet, in 1864, from tuberculosis. After the
Crimean War, Tyutchev was promoted to a real state adviser.
Tyutchev's short biography: return to Russia
The poet blamed himself for the death of Denisieva. He immediately returned to the family, which remained all this time abroad. But a year later he again went to Russia. The hardest period of his life came for him. First, two children died from Denisyeva, then a mother, another son, only brother, daughter.
The last days of the poet
In 1869, the poet was in Carlsbad for treatment. There he met Amalia, his first love. They spent a lot of time together, recalling youth. Three years later, the poet broke paralysis when he went out, despite the warnings of doctors, for a walk. The entire left side was hit. But even in this state, the poet continued to write frantically. In the summer of 1873, Fedor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy St. Petersburg cemetery. Of course, the above biography of Tyutchev, so short that it could only cover the main milestones of the life of the largest diplomat, publicist and poet.