Management technology consists of a wide range of hardware and software solutions designed to improve the performance of managers in basic functions.
Since technologies are adapted to serve management, technologies can be described in such terms: communication, planning, monitoring and control. Understanding how technology can improve every function is key to using it effectively to gain a competitive advantage.
Definition of Management Technologies
Management technologies are a set of disciplines that allow organizations to manage assets to create a competitive advantage. They include various methods for searching and processing information, techniques for effectively influencing an employee, management principles and control systems.
Management systems consist of integrated planning, design, optimization, operation and management of technological products, processes and services.
Types of Management Technologies
In the modern world, there are different technologies of the management process - management:
- by goals;
- according to the results;
- based on consumer interests;
- based on the revitalization of staff;
- in exceptional situations;
- through checks and directions;
- based on "artificial intelligence".
Goal Management
This type implies the creation of an information management system to compare actual results and achievements with predetermined goals. The main advantages of this technology of management activities are to increase the motivation and interest of employees, providing better communication between management and employees. Used in small and medium enterprises.
The technology consists of five steps:
- Definition or revision of company goals.
- Setting objectives and their time frames for employees.
- Stimulating employee participation in setting and fulfilling goals.
- Monitoring the execution process.
- Evaluation and reward.
All goals of the company must comply with the SMART system, that is, be specific, measurable, acceptable, realistic and time-limited. In this case, the successful and timely completion of tasks is more likely.
Results Management
Results-based management is a tool for monitoring and managing the implementation of a strategy. This management technology is an example of a tool used for full strategic control of the process of achieving goals. Such goals can take the form of physical results, organizational or behavioral changes, changes in the workflow, or contribute to the achievement of another goal of a higher level.
Information of actual results is used for accountability, reporting, communication and feedback in the development, allocation of resources, implementation of projects and operational activities. When developing technology for the management process, all employees who directly or indirectly participate in the project mark their business processes, products and services, showing how they contribute to the achievement of results, and this information is used to determine the corresponding indicators of progress.
This system is mainly used in government and charitable organizations, where purely financial measures are not key drivers, there are no competitors to compare. Such as the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Nevertheless, technology has also begun to be used in semi-commercial organizations.
Consumer Interest Management
The technology is based on stimulating consumer actions through his needs and interests: physiological, security needs, social, spiritual and prestigious. Such management technology should be used in small regions where the organization’s activities directly affect municipal infrastructure.
Consumer behavior varies depending on individual needs and other factors. To understand this effect, researchers are trying to figure out what is happening in the minds of consumers and to identify the physical and social external influences on purchasing decisions.
At some levels, consumer choice may seem rather random. However, each decision made makes sense, even if this choice is not always rational. Purchasing decisions depend on personal emotions, social situations, goals, and values.
Management based on the revitalization of staff
Such management technology in the organization is based on stimulating the activities of staff and maximizing the use of their intellectual potential. Technology is used in enterprises of any legal form.
Eight tips to effectively manage your team:
- Maintain communication: employees want to keep abreast of current projects, goals and deadlines, so keep them informed about what is happening in the organization.
- Build a positive working relationship: it is important to get to know the team members individually, not only on a professional level, but also on a more personal one.
- Recognize the good work: don't be one of the bosses who gives feedback only when something is wrong.
- Be real: the team does not expect you to be a superman, so if you feel pressure and need help, don't be afraid to admit it.
- Be decisive: a good leader must be able to assert his authority and make important decisions for the team.
- Delegate the work to the right people: it is important to establish relationships with your team and get to know them individually so that you can evaluate their strengths.
- Conflict management: when a conflict arises in the workplace, it cannot be ignored.
- Set a good example: staff will seek advice and inspiration, so it is important to set a good example to earn their respect.
Emergency management
This technology is based on the distribution of all managerial and production functions in such a way that employees are fully responsible for their part of the assignment without control and management in the process. The project manager only communicates with the external environment and checks the results of work. Such management technology is used in organizations with strict regulations or with a trusting (functional) management structure.
First of all, it is necessary to set goals with predictable or anticipated results. These indicators are estimated and equated to actual. Then the deviation is analyzed. With or without a slight deviation, no action is required, and managers can focus on other issues. If the actual figures deviate significantly, the problem should be referred to the managers as “an exception has occurred”. The ultimate challenge is to understand the situation and immediately resolve this exception.
Management through checks and directions
Strict planning of the activities of subordinates and constant monitoring of the leader over all current work - management through checks and directions. This technology of management decisions is not very popular due to some pressure on employees. In this case, a linear structure is provided. The technology is used in small organizations with high authority and professionalism of the leader, but in most cases only temporarily.
Management based on “artificial intelligence”
This modern management technology is based on information systems and programming. The efforts to promote artificial intelligence concepts over the past 20 years have led to truly amazing innovations.
How does artificial intelligence work? An artificial neural network tries to simulate the processes of tightly interconnected brain cells, but instead of being built from biology, these neurons or nodes are built from code. Management information technology is still evolving in this vein. However, many experts say that even now we can conclude that such a technology can improve business processes in an organization. After all, it not only works, but also gives excellent results.
Development of management decisions
Decision making technology is the mental process of choosing from many alternatives. The development of management decisions includes a series of sequential actions that together structure the work process and facilitate the execution of tasks. These actions:
- setting goals;
- prioritization of goals;
- development of selection criteria;
- identification of alternatives;
- assessment of alternatives by selection criteria;
- choosing an alternative that best suits your criteria;
- implementation of the solution.
Decision making is a fascinating science that includes organizational behavior, psychology, sociology, neurology, strategy, management, philosophy and logic. The ability to make effective decisions that are rational, informed and based on fertile cooperation can significantly increase the efficiency of the company and its financial results. Effective decision making is the main skill necessary for success in the field of management, including management technology. This requires the ability to weigh different paths and determine the optimal trajectory of action.