Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, created in 1993 by the merger of the two main enterprises of the country in the rocket and space industry - Design Bureau Salyut and the Machine-Building Plant named after M. V. Khrunichev, had to not only preserve and strengthen the scientific and technical potential in completely different conditions of the country's economy, but also to increase work efficiency so that it allows entering the world cosmonautics market.
Integration
A strategy was developed to develop the entire sphere of the rocket and space industry, a special program was created, which was approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, to reform and develop the military-industrial complex in 2001. It was in accordance with this that the largest integrated structure was created on the basis of GKNPTs im. Khrunicheva - for the development and creation of a heavy class of launch vehicles.
The main objective of the integration was to preserve the entire existing scientific, technical and production potential of the enterprise in order to ensure the fulfillment of state orders, which were envisaged by the Federal Space Program.
Fulfillment of the Decree
In 2007, a presidential decree appeared regarding this federal state unitary enterprise. GKNPC them. For ten months, Khrunicheva worked on the reorganization and merger of four more FSUEs as branches, where the leading role was played by the Federal Space Agency and the Federal Agency for Federal Property Management.
Thanks to the merger as branches of the production association "Flight", the Moscow enterprise for the acquisition of equipment "Length", the Voronezh Mechanical Plant, and a little later, KB Chemical Engineering Isaev, the presidential decree was fully implemented.
Power building
Nevertheless, in 2008 GKNPTs im. Khrunicheva received a controlling stake in Perm-based Proton-PM. RD-276, liquid-propellant rocket engines used as the power plant of the first stage of the Proton-M rocket carrier (heavy class), was produced there. And in 2009, to the GKNPTs im. According to the following presidential decree, Khrunicheva received shares of the Chemical Engineering Bureau, the world leader in the development of rocket engines, a participant in absolutely all manned space programs in our country.
This is one of the most modern, well-equipped scientific and production associations, capable of providing the entire cycle of creating a liquid-propellant rocket engine (liquid-propellant rocket engine) for both defense and science and the national economy - this is the Design Bureau of Chemical Automation. As part of the FSUE GKNPTs im. MV Khrunichev KBHA it creates the best engines, develops RD-0124A, used as the second and third stages of the latest Russian rocket carriers. The Angara, for example, is launching heavy-class spacecraft into orbit from the cosmodromes of the Russian Federation .
History and Geography
In 2011, a presidential decree was issued, according to which the FSUE GKNPTS im. MV Khrunicheva received a new branch - FSUE "Ust-Katav Carriage Works named after Kirov." Now the space center includes, in addition to the above, also the RCH (Rocket and Space Plant), Design Bureau Salyut, ZERKT (Plant for the Operation of Rocket and Space Technology), ZMT and TNP (Plant of Medical Equipment and Consumer Goods).
In total, the MV Khrunichev State Space Research and Production Center has nine branches in seven different territories covering the whole country - these are Moscow and the regions of Moscow, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, and now in Crimea.
ZMT and TNP
This plant was formed in the early nineties and was called upon to work on creating advanced technologies for the production of high-tech high-tech medical equipment products, where the priority is equipment and equipment for resuscitation, hyperbaric oxygenation and hypoxia departments. For example, here are created single oxygen pressure chambers, reliable, like all rocket and space technology. An absolutely unique technological base and successful long-term experience of highly qualified employees in this field allowed us to develop, organize production and launch unique medical devices, such as BLKS-307, BLKS-303MK, BLKS-301M barosystems in the shortest possible time.
A variety of equipment is used for the production of MMT and consumer goods in military hospitals: named after Burdenko, named after Vishnevsky, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Research Institute named after Sklifosovsky, Scientific Center of Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Sechenov MMA, and many other medical institutions. High reliability of this product is achieved both by technology and the control system, which is necessary in the production of space technology. This plant is located at: Moscow, Novozavodskaya street, 18.
ZERKT
Nearby is a factory where they are engaged in the operation of rocket and space technology. The main areas of his activity are the following:
- Preparation for launching launch vehicles (launch vehicles) at spaceports.
- Here they create and operate technical complexes for rocket launchers (space rockets ) Rokot and Proton at spaceports.
- The plant’s employees organize and participate in overhaul and reconstruction of the SC (launch complexes) at the Russian cosmodromes (Rokot and Proton).
- The creation and operation of the Angara space-launch complex (space missile complex) is taking place here.
The plant management and plant management is located in Moscow (Novozavodskaya street), in the territory of the Khrunichev State Scientific and Practical Center. In Kazakhstan, the flight test base is based at the Baikonur Cosmodrome . The second flight test base at the Plesetsk cosmodrome also operates in the Arkhangelsk region.
RKZ
Roscosmos enterprises will not be able to operate in full without such a high-tech plant as the space rocket. The technologies here are the most advanced and high-tech, closely related to production.
Work is being carried out in the following industries: metallurgical, sheet-stamping, procuring, machining, tooling, assembly-welding, assembly-assembly, galvanic-chemical, heat-shielding and paint coatings, chemical dimensional milling, rubber products, composite materials and plastic materials, cable products, pneumatic vacuum tests all kinds and many more. Such a wide range of work is provided by the community, where other Roscosmos enterprises also take part.
All these production facilities are certified and allow products to receive the highest class of reliability and quality. At this plant, they not only produce products according to ready-made drawings, but also develop technical specifications and independently design all the technical equipment of the existing technological processes.
Space rocket industry
The Russian corporation Roscosmos, which manages the entire space industry of the country, was created by transforming the federal space agency. And her star journey began in the Ministry of General Engineering of the USSR, then there were many natural reconstructions, integrations with enterprises and scientific organizations, which are now in its composition. Most of the space research and bold accomplishments occurred in the Soviet era.
The office of Roscosmos in Moscow, the Mission Control Center in Korolev, and cosmonauts in Star City are training. Both cities are located directly under Moscow. Roscosmos also uses three spaceports: Plesetsk, Vostochny and Baikonur. Cooperation with space agencies of other countries is successfully underway, spacecrafts are being put into orbit, astronauts and scientists are working together on the ISS, with Roscosmos delivering the aliens to the station. The entire rocket and space industry is subordinate to this corporation.
Characters
The Soviet period of the Ministry of General Engineering was truly unique. Russia became a truly cosmic power thanks to the first artificial satellite launched in October 1957, photographs of the brave space dogs Belka and Strelka circled the whole world in November 1957. Finally, April 1961 came when the first man flew into space - Yuri Gagarin. It was no less joyful to know in 1965 that Alexei Leonov for the first time in the world left a ship in outer space. And then the Buran spacecraft and the Mir orbital station went into space.
In 1991, the ministry was transformed in connection with the collapse of the USSR and since the head of the ministry participated in the State Emergency Committee. Some of the objects of the space industry ended up on the territory of other states. The financial crisis did not allow the implementation of the previous management model with duplication of production and equipment. The Ministry of General Engineering was abolished. In 1992, the RSA (Russian Space Agency) was established, directly reporting to the government of the Russian Federation with a maximum number of employees of two hundred and twenty people.
Space tourism
Space research funding was in severe shortage, so an alternative solution to this problem was found. The industry supported space tourism. In 2001, the sixty-year-old Dennis Tito was sent to space on a commercial basis, and then seven more of these extremely wealthy tourists. Station "Mir" by that time worked out the term set aside three times and sank in the South Pacific.
In 2010, the construction of the Vostochny Cosmodrome was launched, and six months later, people began to use the free cartographic service - Roscosmos Geoportal. By 2015, the newly created state corporation began to emerge from the crisis of the post-perestroika years. Restructuring implied getting rid of the habits of the nineties - the opacity of financing and management schemes, even ownership, which everywhere appeared through the collapse of the General Commissar. The areas of activity of Roscosmos have expanded significantly. In April 2016, the first launch from the Vostochny spaceport took place.
Main goals
The Roskosmos Corporation provides for the implementation of state policy, legal regulation, provides services and manages state-owned property in the field of space activities.
International cooperation is being carried out, joint projects and programs are being implemented, work is being carried out on military equipment related to space rocket and strategic military equipment. This ensures parity and superiority over geopolitical opponents.