The imperative in German is called the imperative (der Imperativ) and represents an appeal to induce action, and also expresses advice, recommendation, appeal, request, warning, prohibition. There are several forms of treatment: trusting, polite, incentive. To build an imperative, you need to know the personal endings of the present tenses. Only the shape of the second person in the singular is specially formed. This is an appeal to "you." Other forms remain the same.
Imperative in the German language: the rules of education for the second person singular
The appeal is most often aimed at a specific person. We encourage someone to act, command, advise. Therefore, the imperative in the second person singular is the most common.
For its formation, the ending -st is removed from the form of the verb du in the present. So, for example, if the narrative form of the sentence sounds like “you will come in the evening” - du kommst am Abend. That for education imperative need only remove -st. Komm am Abend - "come in the evening!" Sometimes another is added to the stem of the verb. But this is often optional. In colloquial speech, this suffix is often lost.
For verbs with escet (-ss) at the end of the stem, the rule is different: only the ending -t leaves. For example, ich esse, du isst, but: iss! (“Eat”!)
If in the verbs the root vowel changes to umlaut, then it is not saved.
When the stem ends in -ten, -den, -eln, -ieren, -gen, the vowel -e is added to the stem. So: "work - work" - arbeiten - arbeite! “Swim - swim” - baden - bade!
It is easy to learn the imperative in German. A table with examples will help memorization. In fact, there is nothing complicated in building an imperative, you just need to practice a little.
Imperative verbs in the second person in plural
Imperative in German in 2 liters. plural is built according to the following rules:
- The form of the verb remains the same.
- The personal pronoun goes away.
Everything is very simple here: no exceptions, no additional vowels or consonants.
Examples: “you work” - “work!”: Ihr arbeitet - arbeitet!
Other forms of imperative
The imperative in German is also expressed by motivation. In Russian, this translates as "let's ...". For example - gehen wir! - “Come on!” or "Let's go!".
For the formation of this form, you just need to swap the verb and pronoun. So, for example, “we dance” will be translated as wir tanzen. And the urge to dance will be as follows: Tanzen wir!
The imperative mood of a verb in German in a polite form is constructed in the same simple way. The word order simply changes: the verb comes first, and then the pronoun.
Compare: “You do” - Sie machen.
But: “do it!” (You) - machen Sie!
It is logically explainable why the pronouns are preserved for the second person in the plural and for the polite form. Verbs in this case have the same endings. Pronouns left to avoid confusion.
When courteous, it is recommended that the word “please” be added. That is, not just, for example, “Come” (Kommen Sie), but Kommen Sie bitte. You can also say bitte mal. The Germans generally have very important formalities and polite forms.
The verbs sein (to be, to be), haben (to have), werden (to become) have their special endings. Their imperative forms simply need to be memorized.