Large-scale investment activity involves the creation of the necessary economic conditions for the concentration and mobilization of resources. This leads to the emergence of agents of industrial and commercial activities, various in organizational and legal forms and complexity, corresponding to the market level, which determine the main financial indicators of the enterprise, including the parameters of effective overflow of capital in the income areas. Most of these criteria correspond to the system of business entities in the form of corporate structures.
To identify such economic agents in domestic and foreign literature, the definitions are used: “integrated”, “business group”, “corporation”, “group of enterprises”, which initially determine the main activity of the enterprise.
With the growth of integration phenomena in the economy, the main economic indicators of the enterprise are increasingly showing a tendency to consolidate and integrate capital. So, at the present stage, the leading role in the development of economies is played by large industrial groups, the result of which is the basis of the gross domestic product of many countries. The investment activities of companies are becoming increasingly global and are expressed not only in the creation of new industries, but, more often, in the acquisition of existing companies (M&A) or the establishment of joint ventures, the formation of various alliances (SA), which significantly change the traditional basic economic indicators the activities of the enterprise.
Despite a rather high percentage of unsuccessful mergers / acquisitions, and the creation of alliance structures, transnational corporations (TNCs) continue to increase the volume of investments and intend to maintain this strategy in the future, thus affecting the main economic indicators of the enterprise.
Currently, direct investments of TNCs are implemented in three main ways, which represent two different models of company development: organic growth (FDI Green Field), as well as transformational growth (M&A and SA). Moreover, the second option accounts for more than 2/3 of all FDI of TNCs
The main economic indicators of the enterprise in the framework of such models indicate that, despite the widespread practical implementation of integration transactions, the theoretical development of their various forms is still insufficient. In modern economic theory there are no generally accepted definitions of the above concepts. None of these terms are defined in the existing legislative branch. The development of integrated structures requires their clear definition, identification of classification features.
Signs of a classic integrated structure (IP) are: common ownership of factors of production, product and income, which makes up the economic basis of the integrated structure and provides the company with control over the price of products (services) on the market; high level of centralization of management and unified production parameters.
In foreign practice, the defining feature of integrated structures is often the presence of a single leadership and the multi-level nature of the organization. Distinguish between the core and auxiliary enterprises, which are at different levels of associated communication: close, political and loose. The core of IP is the parent company, which represents a large-scale enterprise or a holding company with a controlling interest. A close relationship company is a subsidiary whose holding (or controlling interest) is held by a holding company. Political communications enterprises are companies in which the parent share is in the hands of the parent company. Loose connection enterprises are business units associated with the parent company or with close participants in stable cooperative relations. If there is only a parent company, without participants in a close relationship, it is impossible to talk about an integrated structure.