Philologists answer differently to the question of what participles are. A number of scientists believe that it can be attributed to independent parts of speech. Others see this group of words as verb forms.
The controversy surrounding the participle is caused by the fact that it combines the morphological features of the verb and the immutability characteristic of adverbs. In this article we will accept the classification of the scientific school of M. T. Baranov, that is, we will call this category of words a special form of the verb.
Let's find out what the participle is. Begin by clarifying the
degree of kinship with the verb. Communion has the
grammatical features of its "parent." With the verb it brings together the presence of species, transitivity and recurrence. Communion means no longer independent action, but only incremental.
Typical questions by which you can recognize this verb form: "what by doing?" and "what have you done?" For instance:
- Go forward, not clinging (what are you doing?) To the past.
- Crossing (what did?) His hands on his chest, he silently looked forward.
To prevent possible
speech errors, it should be remembered that the main action, expressed by the verb, and the additional, indicated by the participle, must perform the same person in the sentence. This rule is not observed only in impersonal constructions with a predicate-infinitive, for example:
- It is difficult to regain (neopr. F.) The trust of a friend by deceiving him once.
Morphological signs of participles are determined by algorithms similar to the verb, since it is formed from the latter with the help of a suffix.
If the action has the meaning of completeness (what have you done?), Then we have before us a perfect-looking word:
- Having cleaned (owls) in the room, I went for a walk.
- Constantly distracted (nons. Century), it is impossible to work fruitfully.
By transitivity is meant the possibility of combining with a noun or pronoun in V. p. Without an excuse, less often (in case of denial) with R. p.:
- Having written an essay (V. p.), The boy passed it for verification.
Recurring germs are distinguished by the fact that at the end they have a postfix -, for example: returning, washing, thinking.
To understand what gerimony is, it must be remembered that it looks not only like a verb. This group of words with an adverb is brought together by immutability (lack of ending). The participle alone or together with dependent words usually explains the action. The syntactic role of this verb form, as well as the adverb, is the circumstance:
- Ivanov answered (how?), Looking intently into my eyes.
In general, sentences with participles are a fairly common phenomenon. The use of this verbal form helps to distinguish the main action performed by the person from the secondary. Sometimes the participle indicates a condition necessary to obtain a result. Well illustrate this language function of the proverb with the participles:
- Not having studied crafts, do not consider yourself a master.
- Having removed their head, they do not cry through their hair.
- Do not cut the oak tree without blowing your lips, etc.
So what is gerimony? We found that this is a special form of the verb that combines the features of the verb and adverb. The participle performs the task of explaining the main action, therefore, acts as a circumstance. In proverbs and sayings, this group of words can indicate a concomitant process (or its absence), the result of which is expressed by a verb.