People constantly conduct sales and exchanges of goods among themselves. The most important properties of a product are its consumer and exchange value. That is, how much a particular product is useful to a person and whether it is able to become the equivalent of the exchange between people who own the product.
Let us dwell briefly on the main general characteristics of the goods:
1. Physical properties of the goods (mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical). It is important to know weight, size, mass, density and other parameters when considering food. For example, the category of eggs depends on the absolute mass. Selected eggs are larger than 60 g in size, and those belonging to category 2 must be at least 44 g.
In construction products, records are kept in running meters, tons, and the area and diameter of the products are determined. Heat resistance is necessary for utensils for cooking at home, and heat resistance is taken into account in production in industrial processes. When choosing cameras and camcorders, their optical characteristics are taken into account.
2. Chemical properties (moisture resistance or solubility in water and other liquids). The chemical composition of products determines their value. If even a small amount of heavy metals and other harmful impurities accumulate in them, they can become a source of poisoning of humans and animals. And with a lack of useful elements in food, normal processes in the body are disrupted. It is necessary to take into account the chemical properties of the product when cleaning fur, woolen and leather things, so as not to spoil their appearance.
Properties such as elasticity, hardness and strength are important for biscuits, refined sugar, pasta.
3. Biological properties determine how resistant the product is to microorganisms, rodents and insects. For this, it is necessary to properly store the goods, monitor the packaging and correctly select the packaging material and take into account storage conditions. For example, flour will quickly deteriorate in a humid room, furniture can crack at high temperatures, and lose luster.
4. The physico-chemical properties of the goods are important to consider when baking. Indeed, at a high temperature of 250 degrees and above, irreversible processes occur in fats, they are destroyed, and proteins are folded. For example, permeability and absorbency are taken into account when manufacturing water filters and vacuum cleaners, when choosing shoes and clothes.
Consumer properties of the product show how useful it is when using it. They can also be divided and described in more detail, considering the example of non-food and grocery products. Anthropometric and physiological properties are evident in the size range of clothes, hats, shoes in different countries of the world for adults and children, devices for athletes and disabled people.
It is important to take into account hygiene indicators, because clothes, furniture, skin care items for a small child have characteristic features. Aesthetic taste, color perception, psychological factor and nationality of a person also influence the choice of goods for their consumption.
Taking into account the consumer properties of food products, attention should be paid to their environmental characteristics and safety in use. Be sure to take into account expiration dates, store food properly and prepare dishes from them.
You can get acquainted with the properties of any product according to its specification. Many of them draw up a detailed specification of a product with an indication of its name, price, unit, grade or size, whether it is manufactured according to GOST or not.
The specification is a document that is attached to the supply contract and signed by both parties: the buyer and seller. In this document, prices for the goods are agreed upon, the terms of delivery, the terms, the tolerance of deviations, reassignments, packaging requirements and wholesale delivery schedules are specified.