The theme of the Russian language “Spelling“ n ”and“ nn ”in adjectives” is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general educational institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes during the creation of a text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.
Definition of a part of speech
The adjective is the significant part of speech, which denotes the non-procedural feature of the subject, and also appears in the sentence as a definition or the nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “which?”, “Which?”, “Which?”, As well as “ whose?" and what?".
general information
"The spelling of" n "and" nn "in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules it is quite difficult to write a competent text or even a letter.
It should be specially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters “n” you need to write in a particular case.
Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns
So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should –nn- be put:
- In adjectives that evolved from nouns with the suffixes -onn- or -enn. Let us give an example: cranberry (cranberry), artificial (art), discussion (discussion), solemn (celebration), etc. The exception is the word "windy" (but not "calm"!).
- In adjectives that derive from nouns based on "n" (that is, if the first letter "n" is the final letter of the root or the suffix, and the second is the adjective suffix). Thus, the suffix "nn" in adjectives is written in the following cases: true (truth), long (length), valuable (price), ancient (antiquity), etc.
- In adjectives that are descended from nouns ending in –me. Let's give an example: temporary (time), nominal (name), fiery (flame), seed (seed).
In which adjectives that descended from nouns spell "n"?
Now you know in what cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough to correctly compose the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the rules for the spelling of suffixes -in-, -yan- and –an-:
- Adjectives that derive from nouns using the above suffixes always spell only 1 letter “n”. Here is an example: leather (skin), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (pigeon), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all the rules have their exceptions. In this case, the words “glass”, “wooden” and “tin”. They write 2 letters "nn", and they must be remembered.
- In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Here is an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, rosy, pork, young and single.
How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?
2 letters “n” are written if the adjectives are derived from adjectives by adding the suffix -en-, which indicates a large measure of any attribute. We give an example: hefty, tall or wide.
Important notes regarding the rules described.
The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:
- In the word "windy" is written only 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that it is formed not from the name of the noun “wind”, but from the so-called obsolete verb “wind”.
- Derived nouns use as many “n” letters as they are in the original adjective. For example, long - long, solemn - solemnity, etc.
- The adjective “nameless” has the following meanings: “not preserving the author’s name”, “unknown by name”. But most often the word "nameless" is used.
- Possessive adjectives such as ten, carp, and mutton are written with the same letter "n". This is due to the fact that they are formed from nouns having a basis on "n".
- The words rosy, spicy, youthful , etc. are written with the same letter “n”, since the derivatives of them also have one letter “n” (blush, spice, youth, etc.).
Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs
So, 2 letters “n” should be written if:
- Adjectives are derived from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix almost never influences the spelling of “n” or “nn”. Thus, in the adjective with it is not necessary to write as many letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Here is an example: (tied, beveled, built).
- If there are such suffixes as -eva or -ova-. Let's give an example: an organized excursion, an uprooted forest, etc.). The following words are exceptions: chewed and forged . In this case, ov- and ev- enter the root, and are not suffixes.
- If the sentence has any dependent word (for example, braided from rods).
- If the adjective name is derived from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, resolved). The exception is the word "wounded."
Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs
One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: unkempt, knitted. The following words are exceptions: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.
The letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives
In addition to the full names of the adjectives, in the Russian language there are also short forms. To understand how “n” and “nn” are written in short adjectives, one should remember the rules about complete ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.
Here is an example:
- Facial expressions are artificial - facial expressions are artificial.
- The road is long - the road is long.
- The language is modern - it is modern.
Important notes on material covered
To finally understand how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:
1. Usually the suffixes -yan- and -an- give the names of the adjectives the meaning “intended for something” or “made of a certain material”. For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.
2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.
Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Wind-driven, that is, “driven by the force of the wind” (wind-driven pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the name of the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word came from "chickenpox".
Oily, that is, “soaked in butter” (oily porridge). Oiled, that is, “flattering” (oily voice). Butter, that is, "diluted in butter" (butter cookies).
Silver, that is, “exposed to silver” (silver appliance). Silver, that is, “made of silver” (silver bottle).
Salty, that is, “containing salt” (salted fish). Solyany, that is, “consisting of salt” (salt column).