There is such an alternation in the Russian language, which is known as full-consonant and incomplete combinations.
Origin of the phenomenon
This linguistic phenomenon is historical. It is connected with the baptism of Russia. In connection with this historical process, the Church Slavonic language appeared . And words with disagreement are his units. In the actual Russian language they correspond to their fully-voted options. There are such ratios:
- oro - ra: crow - vran;
- here - re: stop - stop;
- olo - la: cloth - boards;
- olo - le: full - captivity.
Oro - Ra
Here are examples of words in which we can observe full-consonant and non-dissenting combinations of the oror:
- beard - brada;
- furrow - reel;
- vorog — the enemy;
- gates - gates;
- to turn back - to turn;
- city - city;
- garden - fence;
- dear - dearest;
- zoro - pupil;
- queen - krala;
- short - short;
- morok - darkness;
- norov — temper;
- turnover - back;
- gunpowder - dust;
- healthy - health;
- side is a country;
- mansions - a temple;
- bury - protection;
- good - brave.
Olo - la
In the modern language, there are also many words in which there are full-consonant and non-dissenting combinations of olol:
- swamp - plateau;
- drag - drag;
- hair - hair;
- Volodya - Vlad;
- voice is a voice;
- the head is the head;
- hunger is smooth;
- gold is gold;
- spike - class;
- hammer - malat;
- young - young;
- well done - baby;
- molonia - lightning;
- shell - cloud;
- malt is sweet;
- cold is cold.
Yere - re
Fewer examples in which we can observe full-consonant and non-consonant combinations of here-re:
- taking is a burden;
- in front - harm;
- mid-wednesday;
- to raid is nonsense.
- tree is tree.
Olo - le
And there are very few words preserved in which there is an alternation of full-vocal and incomplete combinations of olo-le:
- milk - milky;
- rinsing - splashing;
- drags - draws.
Alternating words with different styles
Some of the words that have complete or dissonant combinations, examples of which we give below, mean the same thing and differ only in what is used in different styles of speech.
Common words | High style words |
During the week that dad spent on the hunt, his beard grew. | His braid was silver-plated by the succession of years past. |
Somewhere in the forest, a raven croaked. | Black lies trouble already clicked. |
There was a terrible cold outside. | And mortal coolness seized him. |
Immediately after the bushes, a swamp began. | Steppes and blat native expanses. |
Tanya's hair was braided into a braid. | She does not tear Vlasov on her head, but silently accepts grief. |
The blacksmith wielded a hammer. | The glove of fate descends to the long-suffering land. |
The gates were locked by night. | And the gates of paradise will open before you. |
Grandfather mined gold in Siberia. | I need neither gold nor silver! |
Crops in the fields have already gone spike. | On arable land, heavy classes are leaning toward the valley. |
Lightning struck the oak tree outside the outskirts. | His molonia cast for sins. |
When grandfather was young, our country was called the Soviet Union. | From a young age, he was taught that he needed to love his homeland. |
Kolka barely dragged his legs from fatigue. | And his days in exile somehow dragged on. |
Our city is relatively young. | The city of Petrov stands and will stand on the banks of the Neva River. |
Alternating words with different meanings
Some words that contain full- vowel and non - vowel combinations ( vocal and vowel , for example) have different lexical meanings.
“Vocal” - having a loud and beautiful voice. The word "vowel" has nothing to do with the beauty of sound. It denotes the sound of speech.
Or take the words head and head . The first refers to a part of a living organism, and the second most often denotes the position of a person leading a particular locality.
We give further examples of words in which there are full- consonant and non-dissenting combinations: cloud and shell a. One is floating in the sky, and the other is covering for something.
The words “ well done ” and “baby” have the opposite meaning: “a man full of energy” and “helpless child”.
The queen and the kral are, of course, a controversial case, but the difference in values is still obvious. The first of them calls a female person, crowned by autocratic power, and the other is an arrogant person who knows her worth.
The words of the mansion and the temple have a difference in the fact that one of them means the home of a rich, but still an ordinary person, and the other is the house of God.
Darkness and darkness also have different meanings: the first is darkness, and the second is a partial loss of the ability to reason sensibly.
In the words gunpowder and dust , it seems, there is not even a hint of a common root. One is a substance that can explode, and the other is decay, dust. Although you can still guess that the closeness of the meanings of these words is that both conjure up an image of a small loose substance in our imagination.
The middle is a place equidistant from the beginning and the end, and Wednesday is the day of the week or surroundings.
The word garden has the following meaning: a place for planting cultivated plants, and the fence is a fence around the site.
Short / short - these units with alternation are also distinguished by semantics: a full-consonant variant means extension in space, and incomplete - in time.
Outdated words
Some of the words in which there are full-consonant and incomplete combinations of letters differ in the degree of activity of use in Russian. Here are some examples.
From active vocabulary | Outdated, rarely used |
Burden | Take |
Tree | Tree |
Wet | Volgly |
To return | Go round |
Swamp | Blato |
Harm | Forward |
Enemy | Vorog |
Brave | Nice |
Power | Volost |
Words from the right column can be found only in historical works.
Work with text
We already know what words are in which there are full-consonant and non-dissenting combinations of letters. It will be interesting to put this knowledge into practice. Read the text.
Oleg was the first of the Rurikovich clan who became the prince of Kiev. He subjugated all Slavic tribes to his power and transferred the capital from Novgorod to Kiev. In the nine hundred and seventh year he undertook a successful campaign against Constantinople. The defeated Byzantines agreed to a large ransom and entered into an agreement with Oleg under which Russian merchants were allowed duty-free trade throughout Byzantium.
In honor of his victory, Prince Oleg left a sign on the gates of Constantinople - his shield. When he returned to Kiev, his subjects greeted him with glee, "... marveling at courage, intelligence and wealth," proclaimed him Prophetic.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, having familiarized himself with the annalistic source, created on his basis his original work “Song of the Prophetic Oleg”, in which he artistically rethought the plot. At the heart of Pushkin’s idea, Oleg, being a great commander, remains by nature an ordinary person, inclined to believe in predictions that are afraid of death. He is opposed by a truly great man - a sorcerer, endowed with the ability to speak the truth, penetrating with his inner gaze into the most hidden depths of human destinies. This gift, according to Pushkin, is given only to the chosen, truly free and independent individuals.
Let's find words with disagreement and full consonance in the text, write them out and pick a pair for them.
Answer:
- power - volost;
- Novgorod - Constantinople;
- agreed - a voice;
- gates - the gates;
- returned - returned;
- proclaimed - voted;
- magus - volokh;
- eyes - the pupil.