A sentence, considered in Russian as a unit of its grammar, usually corresponds to a finished utterance. It can act as a separate message, which is text with a minimum length.
A sentence consists of one or more words that appear in a linear order or in morphological forms provided for by the grammar of the Russian language.
The structure of sentences is the subject of syntax, and their main distinguishing feature is predicativity or the ability to be a grammatical unit that is suitable for communication and expresses temporary or modal actualization. For example, “ripe apple” and “apple - ripe”, “falling star” and “star falling”.
The relationship between words in a sentence and syntactic groups is expressed through many syntactic mechanisms - such as matching, control, and adjacency.
In the great and mighty Russian language, there are various types of sentences. Based on the nature of the attitude to reality expressed in them, experts distinguish real and surreal modal sentences, with different shades of modal meaning.
Types of sentences are affirmative or negative in nature if they have or do not have a connection between objects and their definitions in reality.
Narrative, interrogative and incentive are those sentences that differ in the purpose of the statement, as well as with intonations that are dependent on these goals.
Some types of sentences that belong to these three subgroups can turn into exclamations. This can happen when they add the appropriate emotional colors, expressed in special exclamatory intonations.
The characteristic structure of the proposal is built, as a rule, taking into account its various features. For example, a sentence can be complex or simple, depending on the number of predicative units - several or one.
Simple "units of connected speech", in turn, are divided into one-part sentences, the types of which are diagnosed by the main term, and two-part ones, or those that have two main organizing centers.
Complicated sentences consist of at least two, and sometimes even more parts, which are connected in a single unit intonationally and meaningfully. These parts in structure are simple types of sentences, which are combined as part of one complex, preserving, basically, their structure. However, at the same time they cease to have semantic completeness and intonation of completeness.
If unions or allied words are used as a method of communication, then we have before us complex allied sentences. And if the parts are combined in meaning and intonation, then this is already a union-free proposal.
Types of complex sentences are determined by the fact that their means of communication are subordinate union words or unions.
One- part or two-part proposals will be complete if they contain all the mandatory members of the proposal structure. And vice versa, they will become incomplete in the case when several or even one member from the given sentence structure is omitted, but is easily restored from the context.
Proposal types, whether distributed or non-distributed, are determined by the presence or absence of secondary members.
An important role in the design of a sentence is played by intonation, which performs both a grammatical function and a stylistic one. With its help, the completeness of any sentence is created, it is divided into syntactic units, and the emotionality of oral speech, its volitional motives, and various shades of modal meanings are also expressed.