Management decisions are the choice of the goals of the leader and the allocation of those factors that ensure their achievement. They can be classified according to certain types in the event that they possess some single attribute that is characteristic of a large number of them.
Let us consider in more detail how the typology of managerial decisions is distinguished by a number of indicators, which allows us to establish several groups. They are not numerous, but each has a set of specific features.
The first group. Management decisions are distinguished by the degree of development:
- The programmed ones are accepted as the result of successive steps according to the standard technique or clear rules developed in advance.
- Unprogrammed will require the formation of a new procedure or principles. Managers need to accept them in unique and new problem situations.
The second group. Decisions can be classified by degree of justification. Based on this criterion, they are divided into the following:
- intuitive (subconscious) that leaders accept on the basis of the idea that they are doing the right thing;
- logical will be developed on the basis of experience, knowledge and judgments;
- rational are based on an objective analysis of complex problem situations, using scientific methods and computer technology.
The third group. Management decisions are classified according to the possibility of their implementation:
- admissible are able to satisfy any restrictions and be implemented in practice;
- unacceptable (unrealistic) do not meet a number of restrictions.
The fourth group. Management decisions are classified according to the degree of achievement of the final goal. They can be:
- unreasonable (unacceptable) that do not lead to a result;
- satisfactory, leading to the achievement of the final goal and providing an acceptable result;
- the manager chooses the optimal ones if the ideal solution is reached.
Fifth group. Management decisions are also distinguished on the basis of innovation:
- routine, which are accepted on the basis of known methods of action;
- selective based on the choice of a single alternative from a particular set;
- adaptive are accepted if the situation requires some modification of generally accepted options;
- innovative ones will stand out in special conditions if the problem cannot be solved with the help of well-known principles of action, requiring the formation of new options that are not used until now.
Sixth group. Management decisions are classified by the scale of the changes that are made to the organization. Based on this parameter, allocate:
- situational, which will not provide for global changes and are associated with the resolution of current problems in the organization;
- reorganization includes the application of significant measures (restructuring the entire structure, developing a different strategy in the company).
Seventh group. Management decisions are classified by their time of action. Based on this, the following are distinguished:
- strategic, which are aimed at achieving the long-term goal of the organization ;
- tactical pursuit of medium-term, intermediate tasks of the company;
- operational takes the head daily in order to achieve short-term goals and carry out ongoing work in the organization.
The eighth group. Management decisions can be subdivided in accordance with the scope of the company. So, the following are distinguished:
- production;
- marketing;
- financial.
Therefore, the quality of management decisions will depend on the correct type.