With the development of civilization, humanity more and more began to "produce" waste, which has already become an integral part of life. New methods of disposal and disposal of garbage are constantly being invented, its secondary processing is being carried out. However, there is such garbage, there is still liquid waste that does not fall into the category of recyclables. The main methodology for getting rid of them is removal and destruction, burial.
What are they like?
Liquid wastes are classified into two types: domestic and industrial, which are formed in the process of production activity. Accordingly, household appear after a person’s activity in everyday life, in homes and buildings where there is no sewage system. If such waste is not taken out, but stored near housing, then it is a fertile ground for the reproduction of rats and pathogenic bacteria.
The most dangerous are industrial liquid waste. Very often they pose a danger not only to the environment, but also to humans. It has already been established that many diseases appear against the backdrop of a terrifying environmental situation.
Household liquid waste
According to the all-Russian classification, reinforced concrete are classified as hazard class IV, in other words, they are low-hazard. However, they are still toxic, therefore, subject to regular export and disinfection. As a result, in facilities where people live, such waste must be stored in limited quantities and for a limited time. Such waste includes wastewater from the sewer and the bathroom, fecal matter, waste water from dishwashers and washing machines. They are formed where there is no central sewage system. Liquid municipal waste is also referred to this type, and its disposal is considered as waste water intake.
Transportation is carried out by special equipment - cesspool machines. It is allowed to bury such waste at special landfills and lands after the cleaning procedure.
Common Disposal Methods
The most toxic element in the concrete is sediment, which must be disposed of, as it is very dangerous if it gets into the seas and rivers. After a certain time, a chemical reaction occurs in the sediment, which leads to the appearance of methane, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and pathogens in the waste.
The wastewater treatment procedure is called sewage treatment, it is carried out using treatment facilities. In the process of processing waste, their chemical composition becomes relatively safe.
Cleaning Methods:
- Mechanical. Refers to the primary method of cleaning. After the liquid waste drained and they got to the treatment plant, they are cleaned of large litter. Then the waste enters the sump, where the fats and mucus they contain are separated. Heavy sedimentary rocks are collected from the bottom with a special scraper. It is from these sedimentary waste that biogas can be produced.
- Biological. After mechanical treatment, the water falls into the sump, where it is treated with activated sludge. After this, the waste is transferred to another sump, where it is already cleaned of sludge. The last stage is the saturation of purified water with oxygen and their supply to the “living” water bodies.
Modern disposal option
Today, for private houses without a central sewage system, there is an option to reduce the challenges of the cesspool machine to a minimum.
Now in your area you can install not a standard cesspool, but a septic tank. This is a three-chamber tank where waste is treated with special bacteria. At its core, it works just like industrial wastewater treatment plants, only it is small in size.
Waste production
In the process of production activity, a huge amount of solid and liquid waste is formed. The latter category includes petroleum products, emulsions, fats, lubricants and radioactive waste, and others.
Particular attention is paid to the disposal of toxic garbage, as it carries enormous harm to the environment and human health.
Emulsion disposal
This category of garbage includes lubricants and refrigerants. There are three disposal methods:
- Reagent. After preliminary purification from particles of mechanical origin, the emulsions are decomposed using reagents: mineral alkalis, foculants, and others.
- Sorption. The technique allows you to inexpensively and as quickly as possible to separate the scrap into oil and water components. The hydrophobic powder used in this case can be reused.
- Thermal evaporation. The methodology involves the production of water vapor during processing, which can then be used for the manufacture of all the same lubricating and cooling products.
The materials that remain after disposal (oil) are used to produce fuel for boiler houses.
Utilization of oil products
Such waste is primarily cleaned of water and other impurities, so that the material can be reused later. Non-recyclable waste (sludge) is thermally processed - burned in furnaces and receive the thermal energy used in industrial enterprises.
Disposal of liquid waste from the refining industry can be done using chemistry. Magnesium oxide, stearic acid and several others can be used. After processing, the powder is obtained, which is used in the construction of the roadway and all kinds of shelters.
Fat utilization
Such wastes appear at food enterprises, they can not be washed into the sewer, as they contribute to clogging of pipes. At food enterprises, the mandatory installation of grease traps is required, which should treat wastewater. Fat-containing products require disposal, and ideally it should be carried out by biological treatment, which does not harm the environment. But there is a chemical technique in which degreasing is done with chemicals, caustic or soda ash can be used.
After processing, the residual products are suitable for use in boiler rooms for heating or disposal as household waste.
Disposal of varnishes and paints
This waste is often destroyed by incineration using high-temperature furnaces. However, after this remains the container, which is not possible to clear from the remnants of paint and varnishes.
A more promising technique involves the treatment of such waste with adsorbents and their further use for the production of building materials. Thanks to waste, materials for construction acquire elastic and strength properties. In addition, the technique allows you not to violate environmental standards, as is the case with waste incineration.
Liquid radioactive waste
This is the most harmful and hazardous waste for humans and the environment. They are formed due to the operation of power plants and other industrial facilities. Therefore, it is very important to neutralize the components of this waste before carrying out the disposal procedure.
To date, the most effective way is evaporation. In this case, the waste is decomposed into two components:
After waste separation, the residues are burned, and the ash is already stored in specially designated landfills.
There are many underground landfills where the waste is stored in special containers, the material of which does not pass radiation. Storage is carried out until the waste is completely disintegrated.
RW disposal
In the modern world, there is still no methodology that would completely neutralize radiation waste. The disposal process consists only in neutralization, partial or complete. That is, the garbage is brought to a state in which there will be a steady decay of waste.
As a result, liquid waste from the energy sector is the most hazardous, polluting the water and soil.
More examples
Liquid waste also includes pollutants that enter water bodies from agricultural fields. They also include storm drains. Maximum pollution is observed during floods, when mineral and organic substances and other components used in the process of cultivating fields fall into the water.
A stable increase in port cargo turnover leads not only to an improvement in the economic situation in the country, but also to an increase in negative environmental impact. Most vessels, both merchant and military, do not have closed systems for collecting oily and household waste, so a huge amount of scrap, not cleaned at all, gets directly into the water from them. Naturally, these are not the latest examples of pollution by liquid waste from the environment.
At the same time, the human factor must never be forgotten; the purity of our planet depends on the behavior of each individual. You can’t live by the principle of "and after me even a flood."