Let's look at this type of connection, as adjacency, and determine how it differs from other subordinate relations between words in a sentence.
In the school curriculum, adjacency is defined as a combination of words in which it is expressed not grammatically (by changing gender, case, number), but only lexically (semantic submission), by word order or intonationally: to do work, start to sing, go right, oppress in every way and so on .d.
An adjacency relationship is characteristic of the immutable parts of speech: infinitive ( decide to help ), adverbs ( act at random ), participle ( sit bent over ) and immutable adjectives (such as: bigger, faster) . In these cases, depending on the meaning of the main word and on the relations expressed by him, the connection can be either strong or weak.
With a strong connection, the main word has such lexical and grammatical properties that the subordinate becomes irreplaceable with it, for example: quit learning, finish cooking, rush after , etc. In other cases, the dependent word can be omitted: I sang merrily - I sang . With parts of speech such as participle and adverb, usually a weak connection adjacency (examples: to wholesale, have a dry breath, drive faster).
If the sentence has two unchanging words, the main thing will be considered one that can be used without the addict, without violating the main meaning of what was said. For example: Seeing it was a shame to pain. Here it’s insulting - this is the main word, painfully dependent, because you can say: “ To see it was insulting, ” but you cannot say: “ To see it was to pain”.
A similar adjacency is determined by intonation and word order. For comparison: He is forced to keep weapons ready. He is forced to keep arms ready. He is forced to keep weapons ready. Also, it often depends on the presence in the sentence of only one word, to which the subordinate may refer: Have you had fun these days.
There is an opinion that the type of connection adjacency is also characteristic of nouns in indirect cases, in the case when they express different circumstances of the described situation: a picture from the wall, vegetables from the garden, a house near the river, the way from the station, sleep to lunch , etc. . Such case forms can come into contact with words of different categories without being redefined and not controlled by the main word: a person at the remote control, sitting at the remote control.
How to determine what type of connection between words?
To determine what type of submission is before us, it is necessary to reason like this: is it possible to replace the dependent part in a given phrase? For example, how to evaluate a similar construction:
to work with interruptions - as management (cf .:
work with friends ) or as an adjunction (
work badly )? In the above construction, the connection is adjacency, since in such cases a certain case form is not required, but it is only assumed that there is a circumstance expressing the course of action in any way:
to work intermittently - to work poorly, with difficulty, sluggishly.Remembering all of the above, you can easily determine the connection abutment. And the term itself is quite transparent: the dependent word adjoins, that is, explains, supplements the main thing. And it, in turn, does not require subordination in gender, number and case.