English pronouns are divided into certain categories according to the meaning and principles of use. Our task is to consider the indicative, the essence of which is that they point to a specific subject and determine its location in relation to the speaker.
These pronouns are divided into two forms for the singular - this (this, this is the object that is closer) and that (that, that is the object that is further), and the corresponding plural variants - these (these) and those (those).
Demonstrative pronouns are used in statements in the form of adjectives and nouns.
So, speaking in the form of a noun, they define it. When this pronoun is used in a sentence, the article no longer needs to be used before the noun to which it refers. If there are still definitions before the concept, then the position of the demonstrative pronoun is in front of them. She likes this bright cup. - She likes this bright cup.
Demonstrative nouns are used according to the same rules as their corresponding adjectives.
Note that this demonstrative pronoun, if used with the noun “country,” should be used with the meaning “country in which the speaker or author of the work lives.” For example, if you read an English newspaper and come across the phrase “this county” in it, you should understand that we are talking about Great Britain. If this phrase is found in an American newspaper, then the author means the United States.
When it comes to a country in which the author is not present at the time of the speech, then the expression sounds like “that country”, which can be translated as “this country” or “that country”.
Indicative pronouns such as this and that often form stable combinations of words that differ in some particular meanings. So, this in combination with the noun “government” can be translated both as an American and an English government. It all depends on the country in which the speaker is located. The same can be said about the phrase “this market” (American or English market).
Demonstrative pronouns in the English language have some features of use when used in combinations indicating the time. So, this is applicable when it comes to the current time or moment of speech. As for that, it characterizes only the past or future tense.
Very often after these pronouns there can be a pronoun one, which replaces the previously mentioned noun. It is used to avoid tautology.
Note that the demonstrative pronouns these and those function differently in speech than the singular form, because after them the pronoun alone is not used.
So, the location of these pronouns in a sentence can be like this:
1. They may appear before a noun.
2. Before one.
3. Before the phrase “sign + subject”.
4. On its own, if the noun is implied, but not used.
Each of the pronouns has some features of use:
1. This is sometimes used in relation to the direct speech that stands behind it. As for that, it is used in the case when a direct speech faces him. Note that this pronoun can be used in relation to the previous statement.
2. The pronoun that must replace the noun in the singular, which was used earlier. This is to avoid tautology.
3. Sometimes, in the meaning of a demonstrative pronoun, you can find it, which is translated into Russian by the word "it."
English demonstrative pronouns also include such and the same. The first of them is used as an adjective (in the meaning of "such"), and as a noun (with the meaning of "such"). If this pronoun is used with a countable noun, then the latter is the indefinite article whose place is before such. As for the same pronoun, it can be used both with the meaning of the adjective and the noun. It translates as "the same", "the same."