Currently, alcoholic beverages are extremely popular alcohol-containing drinks. In this regard, cases of the manufacture of counterfeit products are constantly recorded, the use of which can lead not only to the development of a pronounced intoxication process, but also to death. This, in turn, is an incentive for continuous improvement of the alcohol quality control system. Its main types, production methods and requirements for drinks are described below.
The concepts
According to the current legislation, alcoholic beverages are beverages made using ethyl or other alcohol. The content of the latter should be more than 0.5%, but exclusively the volume of the finished product. In addition, alcohol-containing liquids can also be used as raw materials.
Alcoholic beverages are beverages that are classified as follows:
- Wine. Its strength varies between 9-16% of revolutions. For fortified drinks this indicator is higher - from 16 to 22% of revolutions. Wine is obtained by partial or complete fermentation of grape juice.
- Champagne. This is a sparkling drink, which is obtained by the method of secondary fermentation of wine.
- Alcoholic drinks. This group includes a large number of species. But the most prominent representatives are vodka and cognac. The first is a strong alcoholic drink with a specific taste and smell of alcohol. Vodka is the result of the fermentation of sugar and starchy ingredients. Cognac is an alcoholic product that is a kind of brandy. The composition of the drink is represented by organic acids, alcohols, ethyl esters and various additives.
- Liquor wine. This is a fruit and berry sweet drink, the sugar content of which varies from 20-22%. Its strength is not more than 16% of revolutions.
- Fruit wine. This is a low alcohol drink with a minimum amount of sugar. During its preparation, any berries and fruits can be used, except grapes.
- Wine drinks. Their strength directly depends on how much alcohol the manufacturer adds to the raw materials. They are only half made up of wine. The remaining ingredients are concentrates, water, dyes, sugar and aromatic additives.
- Beer. This is a low alcohol drink, the strength of which depends on the variety. It is obtained by the method of alcoholic fermentation of malt wort. In this case, as a rule, hops are added.
- Cider. This is a low alcohol drink that results from the fermentation of apple juice.
- Poiret. An analogue of apple cider. Pear juice is used as a base.
- Mead. This is a drink whose ingredients are honey, water and yeast.
Thus, currently the alcohol market is characterized by a wide range.
Production
According to statistics, the most popular drinks are vodka, champagne, beer and wine. The table below describes the main stages in the production of high-demand alcoholic beverages.
| Drink | Cooking technology |
| Vodka | - Mixing water and purified rectified alcohol.
- Filtering the liquid with fine sand.
- Activated carbon treatment.
- Carrying out additional manipulations if necessary (for example, aromatization or infusion).
- Bring to the desired strength by adding water or alcohol.
- Bottling and shipping for sale.
|
| Champagne | - Spin grapes harvested using special presses.
- Wort fermentation in oak barrels or metal vats.
- Blending. This stage is skipped only when preparing elite champagne.
- Secondary fermentation. At this stage, the liquid is bottled, yeast and sugar are added to it. Corked containers go to the wine cellar.
- Remuage (rotation of bottles around its axis).
- Aging.
- Degorgage (disposal of sediment).
- Registration of bottles and their dispatch for sale.
|
| Beer | - Getting malt (soaking barley).
- Drying the seeds by heating.
- Grinding malt, diluting it with water.
- Getting wort by filtering this slurry. The dry residue is given to livestock feed.
- Boiling wort with hops.
- Filtration followed by the addition of yeast.
- Exposure
|
| Wine | - Harvesting and chopping.
- Adding to the wort yeast.
- Aging in oak barrels.
- Removal of yeast residue.
- Lightening, followed by oxygenation.
- Pasteurization.
- Bottling.
|
The technologies described above are classic. They are used in the manufacture of high quality products.
Manufacturer's Requirements
Currently, the processes of preparation and implementation are under strict control. This is due to the following: the production and turnover of alcoholic beverages have become so widespread that clandestine shops and factories are increasingly found.
Requirements for manufacturers:
- The presence of a license for this particular type of activity.
- The company should produce no more than 5000 decalitres per year.
- If the producer is an agricultural company, it must use its own raw materials.
- The presence of an organizational form.
- Business relationships with suppliers who sell ethanol derived solely from edible raw materials.
Organizations whose activities are associated with the production of alcoholic beverages must have specialized equipment. In particular, sensors with which you can in a few seconds to find out the exact content of ethyl alcohol in the drink.
Labeling requirements
As mentioned above, the first thing you need to pay attention to when choosing a supplier is a license. Then check the information on the secondary packaging or label. The sale of alcoholic beverages with marking violations is prohibited.
What information is required:
- Title.
- View.
- Name of manufacturer, legal address of the organization.
- Information on certification and declaration.
- The country of manufacture.
- Volume.
- Composition. In this case, absolutely all components that directly affect the properties of alcoholic products should be indicated.
- Place and date of production and bottling.
- Contraindications
- Warning of potentially hazardous components.
The absence of any of the above items is a serious violation of the turnover of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol in such situations is often non-food, and all other additives pose a threat to health. In this case, severe sanctions are applied to manufacturers of counterfeit products.
Certification
This term refers to the conduct of events, based on the results of which it is possible to judge the quality-consumer indicators. Since the turnover of alcohol products is very high, certification for alcohol-containing drinks is a prerequisite.
Upon completion of the examination, a document is issued to the manufacturer. He confirms that the quality of the drink meets all the necessary requirements.
Retail Features
At each outlet there must be the necessary documentation (certificates, declarations, certificates, invoices, transcripts). Its absence (even partial) gives reason to believe that alcoholic beverages in a retail store are sold illegally.
The sale of alcohol-containing drinks is prohibited in the late evening and night. In some regions of the country, you can buy alcohol only from 9 am to 21 pm. It is worth noting that local authorities can increase the duration of the ban, but they do not have the right to reduce it. Currently, the minimum interval is from 23 to 8 o’clock in the morning of the next day. During the period of the ban, it is allowed to sell beer with a strength of less than 5% of turnover, cider, mead and poir.
Places where the implementation, according to the legislation, is unacceptable:
- educational and medical institutions;
- Markets
- stops;
- public transport;
- sports facilities;
- military organizations;
- air and railway stations;
- territory of mass public events;
- areas near hazardous sources.
Failure to comply with the above conditions entails the imposition of administrative liability on the offender in the form of a large monetary fine. In addition, the organization will have to suspend operations.
Wholesale Features
The intermediary can deliver goods to retail stores only with a license. The validity of the document is 5 years. To obtain a license, you need to not only go through a number of serious checks, but also pay a fee of 800 thousand rubles.
Wholesale involves the purchase of a large batch of drinks from the manufacturer with its subsequent storage in the necessary conditions. Lack of control over the temperature conditions in the warehouse is also a gross violation.
Alcohol accounting
From 07/01/18, it is conducted piece by piece. However, there is no single accounting standard. In this regard, each company faced a problem of its organization, which had to be solved in a short time.
Initially, alcohol should be reflected in accounting. All other actions should be carried out using special equipment (for example, a code generator, scanner, etc.). In this case, the organization itself has the right to choose how to carry out accounting.
Normative base
Federal Law No. 171 is a document that should be studied by both manufacturers and sellers of alcoholic beverages. Regulation is very strict.
The law does not apply to persons who independently prepare alcohol-containing drinks. But at the same time, the latter should not be intended for sale, but only for personal consumption. In addition, the law does not apply to products that are not in free circulation (for example, drugs containing ethyl alcohol).
Finally
Currently, the range of alcohol is extremely wide. In this regard, the requirements for the production and sale of alcohol-containing drinks are constantly being tightened. These processes are regulated by Federal Law No. 171.