The Russian language is quite difficult to learn. Therefore, it is very important to constantly update the memory, remembering the school curriculum in order to maintain the level of language proficiency. Even if at school you studied for one five, repeating the rules of the native language is necessary. And those for whom Russian is foreign should pay great attention to complex topics, for example, the topic of spelling personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles.
But first you need to understand the concepts themselves.
What is a verb?
Verbs act as an independent part of speech. For verbs, such questions as: “what to do?”, “What to do?” Are characteristic. As a rule, the verbs of the Russian language appear in sentences as the predicate and express the action or condition of a certain object or creature.
It is important to note that verbs are transitive and intransitive, as well as reflexive and irrevocable.
Verb conjugations and spelling rules. Russian language: personal endings of verbs
Verb endings play a very important role in our mother tongue. But first you need to figure out what function they perform. Personal endings help determine the conjugation of a particular verb.
So, the conjugation of the verb of the Russian language is its direct change in numbers and persons. Allocate only two conjugations.
Verbs of the first conjugation have the following endings: -u (-y), -et (-t), -you (-you), -ethe (-yet), -em (-y).
The second conjugation is characterized by such endings: -y (-y), -y, -it, -im, -ite, -at (-yat).
Knowledge of conjugation of verbs is necessary for the correct spelling of the letters "e" and "and" in unstressed endings.
It is also important to note that there are exceptions to this topic that you need to know. So, to the second conjugation of verbs with unstressed personal endings belong:
- verbs that have an ending -it. The exception is: shave, lay, lay;
- seven verbs ending in -to: depend, offend, endure, twirl, see, watch, hate;
- here include four verbs that end in -at: hold, drive, breathe, hear.
Verbs of the first conjugation include other words (verbs) that end in -at, -tya, -et, -yat, -ut, -ot.
Now the main task is to determine which conjugation a particular verb belongs to and which vowel letter to write in the word. To find out, you need to determine where the stress in the word falls. This is very simple, because if the emphasis is on the end of a word, then, as a rule, there is no doubt. Because, if the ending is stressed, then conjugation is easily determined by the personal ending of the verb. But if the emphasis is not on the end of a certain verb, then it is necessary to put the verb directly in an indefinite form, and then look at the vowel letter before it.
What is the sacrament?
Communion is often called a special form of the verb, acting as a sign of the subject. And also the sacrament answers the same questions as the adjective. However, sometimes one can also meet the assertion that the participle does not act as a special form of the verb, but is directly an independent part of speech. But this is not so important. It is important to know the rules for writing participles and their features. The sacraments are of two types - perfect and imperfect, and are also used in the present and past tenses. Most often in sentences they act as a definition, in more rare cases they can occur as a predicate.
The topic of participles and verbs in the Russian language is given quite a lot of attention, because mastering the spelling of the personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is a guarantee of language proficiency at a fairly high level.
Popular mistakes in the use of participles
Particularly obscure for foreigners in the Russian language is the participles, because they are not present in all languages. That is why students of the Russian language are often confused in this topic. The main cause of errors is a misunderstanding of the structure and nature of the origin of the sacrament.
The most common mistakes in the participles are expressed in the misuse of the form, its incorrect formation. The mistake is to replace the verb with the participle.
Communions and their suffixes
The spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is considered one of the most difficult topics of the Russian language. Because errors in this category of rules are very common.
As for the sacraments, they possess such characteristics as: the form (perfect and imperfect), past and present, real and passive voice and repayment.
So, -usch, -yushch are suffixes of participles, indicating the first conjugation of the verb from which they were formed.
And the suffixes of participles -ash, -yach indicate that the verb from which this word form was formed belonged to the second conjugation.
The valid key to the participles
Sacraments are used extremely often in Russian spoken and written. After all, they make the sentence much softer and simpler in sound, give it a more artistic look, which helps to make the speech smooth and beautiful.
A valid pledge indicates a sign of a certain animate or inanimate object that independently performs an action. For example: "a girl who loves her mother."
But in order to correctly formulate sentences using participles, it is necessary to know the suffixes of present participles. So, the suffixes of the present tense are: -ush, -yush, -ash, -yash. For example: singing, blooming, standing, loving.
There is also the use of a valid voice in the past tense. Such participles are characterized by the following suffixes: -vsh, -sh. Example: “a boy who read his father’s magazine” or “a father who carried his daughter to the forest”.
Passive voice
The participles of the passive voice comprise a sign of a certain animate or inanimate object, which is directly directed.
Such participles in the present tense are formed by the suffixes: -em, -th (for the 1st conjugation) and -im (for the 2nd conjugation). For example: beloved, stored, readable, revered, etc.
As for the spelling rules for suffixes of passive participles in the past tense, they are formed using such suffixes as: -n (n) - from verbs ending in -at, -yat, -et; -en (n) - is formed from words with the basis -it; -t - from verbs having the end of the stem -to, -ot, -to-erase.
There are a number of exceptions. For example, such verbs as revenge, sew, beat, write, etc. - do not have participles in the present tense.
In the past tense, such verbs: love, seek, take - passive participles, as a rule, are not formed.
Suffixes of brief participles
It is important to note that the participles in the Russian language have two forms. It is a full form of participles and a short one. As for the short form, such participles can only be in a passive voice. For example, adored - adored.
In the present tense, short participles are almost never used. As a rule, they are replaced by a more simplified construction with a verb. There is an opinion that short participles in the present tense do not exist in modern Russian. They were eagerly replaced by germs.
Short participles have the same functions as the adjective. They are completely unchanged in cases. Short participles vary in numbers, and if such a participle is in the plural, then they vary in gender.
As for the suffixes of short participles, then they include: -n and -en. For example, burned - burned, applied - applied, etc.
In conclusion, it must be said that the correct use of the participles in oral and written speech indicates a decent level of knowledge of the Russian language. And with the help of them you can decorate your speech. Therefore, the spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles is a necessary topic for study in Russian. Because verbs and participles play a huge role and are used very often.