In English, there are three main types of verbs: to be, to have, to do. Each of them is extremely important for constructing grammatical tenses, expressing modality and as part of stable expressions and phrases. The English verb have got (has got) is used in British English. It translates as "have, possess, possess." The main feature of this verb is that it can act as a full-meaning (semantic), auxiliary (along with semantic), or modal (denotes a relation to the action, the possibility or necessity of its implementation).
Have (has) in Present Simple (present)
The simple present is characterized by a change in has for the third person in the singular. The verb may take the form of a statement, a denial or an interrogative one.
As a full-meaning or semantic in this case, it is conjugated as follows:
- Have (for I, we, you, they).
- Has (for he, she, it).
Examples:
He has a lot of work. He (has) a lot of work.
She has a lot of free time in summer. She (has) a lot of free time in the summer.
The conjugation of the verbs has and have in simple present tense is most simple to remember. These forms are considered at the very beginning of language learning. They are constantly on hearing and further the topic is only expanding and consolidating.
In the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary verb do / does is used.
Examples:
I don't have enough money to visit USA this year. I don’t have enough money to travel to America this year.
Does she have a notebook? Does she have a laptop?
Has (had) in Past Simple (past)
In the formation of the past simple tense of the have verb as semantic, it changes form to had. In this case, the translation sounds like "had, owned, possessed." Has is an irregular verb, and therefore is given in the corresponding table. In the past tense for all persons it is used in the form of had.
Examples:
I had a white table. I had a white table.
He had many toys when he was a kid. He had a lot of toys when he was a child.
In the interrogative or negative form of the past simple tense, the verb did, which is auxiliary, is added to have.
Examples:
I didn't have mobile phone to call her during the trip. I did not have a mobile phone to call her during the trip.
Did she have brother or sister? Did she have a brother or sister?
Have (has) in Future Simple (future)
Future Simple uses have with the auxiliary verb will to express possession. It is unchanged for all persons. The has verb (rule) in this form is appropriate for expressing a planned future.
Example:
She has her meeting planned at 10pm tomorrow. She has a meeting scheduled for tomorrow at 22.00.
She will have many books. She will have many books.
I will not have a cat this year. I will not have a cat this year.
Will we have new equipment? Will we have new equipment?
Conjugation has (had)
According to the table of irregular verbs, have / has has the second and third forms of had. The latter is called Past Participle. Consider the conjugation with the example of she has in the past and present tenses.
Present Ind. - she has
Present Cont. - she is having
Present Perfect - she has had
Past ind. - she had
Past cont. - she was having
Past Perfect - she had had
Present Perfect Continuous - she has been having
Past Perfect Continuous - she had been having
According to the same principle, the verb as a semantic verb is used in other tenses of the English language. To remember all possible options, take a stable or figurative expression with have / had and “run” it through a special table. Working with visual, auditory memory and imaginative thinking is not in vain, and you will easily use the necessary form when you need to build entire sentences. The verb has (had) is one of the most commonly used, and when its use is brought to automatism in a grammatical context, work on vocabulary and colloquial speech will be much more effective.
Has (had) as an auxiliary verb
This form is used to form all variants of perfect tense with any verbs except modal. Conjugation will be the same as in the case with the full-value option. The auxiliary verb has is used to form Perfect tenses, harmonization, and the subjunctive.
Examples:
I've heard enough. I have heard enough.
Have you ever been to London? Have you ever been to London?
Has (had) to express modality
In this case, the verb has (had) is paired with the semantic (in indefinite form). He expresses the need for circumstances to take an action. The second case - if necessary, give advice or recommendation. When expressing modality, the verb have has the same meaning as the semantic one. It is worth considering the following cases:
1. Duty or strict necessity.
We have to go now, there is no Stop sign. We must go now, there is no “Stop” sign.
In this case, the use of the modal verb have to is caused by the need to explain any actions taken under the influence of external circumstances.
Often, in this case, there is confusion in the use of must and have to. However, there is a clear rule: the first is used to express the need for action due to personal aspirations.
2. Assumption or logical conclusion.
Most people are wearing hats outside. It has to be cold. Most are now wearing caps on the street. It must be cold there.
The use of the have to verb in this case is necessary in order to explain on the basis of which any conclusions were made. In most cases, must is used for this situation.
3. Recommendation or advice.
You have to watch this movie. It'll be useful for your history lessons. You have to watch this movie. It will be useful for your history lessons.
In this case, the verb have to is designed to convince the interlocutor to do something. The translation into Russian sounds like a “must.”
Has (had) as part of idioms and stable expressions
The versatility of the have verb often leads to difficulties in its use and translation. Such proposals cannot be conveyed verbatim; one has to look for variants corresponding to one's native language. Difficulties with translation can also arise in the case of using cliches or idioms with the verb has (had). You can’t pass them verbatim, and you have to guess by the meaning, or just memorize a whole series of phrases. The easiest way to do this is to break down the use cases thematically.
Food Related Examples:
Have breakfast - have breakfast, have tea - drink tea, have a drink - drink.
Examples that mention meetings and various options for hanging out:
Have a good time - have a good time, have a meeting - make an appointment.
Examples related to thoughts and emotions:
Have a clue - have an idea, have an opinion - have an opinion, have a plan - have a plan.
Having considered several categories of idioms with the have verb, choose for yourself the most used or possible for frequent use in everyday or business communication. Work them out as part of real-life sentences, speak aloud several times, or read them. Making sentences with new expressions and idioms will be extremely effective. The combination of visual and audio memory will give good results for memorization.
The verb has (had) is one of the most used in the English language, and all thanks to its versatility. It can be semantic, auxiliary, modal and be part of various idioms and clichés designed to enrich your speech and make it more natural for a foreign interlocutor. Consider each of the functions of the verb in more detail, work in real conversational and written tasks and situations. During communication and when listening to original audio materials in English, pay attention to how and in combination with what words the verb have is used. Systemic knowledge, practice and attentiveness will allow you to master this voluminous and interesting grammatical topic quickly enough.