The Russian language has always been distinguished by its complexity, both grammatical and spelling. Many spelling rules and individual elements of morphology create difficulties for many people, both for schoolchildren and adults. Well, let's see what's what.
How do you spell: “written” or “written”?
When checking the spelling of this word, it is necessary to use some rules of the Russian language. But the difficulty is not only in knowing them. It is also important to choose a suitable rule. After all, the Russian language is so complicated that if we look from one side, we will see that the word is written with the suffix -n-, and if on the other, then with -nn-. This is due to the fact that in the Russian language there are many different parts of speech that you need to be able to determine in order to choose the right rule.
But how to determine the part of speech to which the word refers that caused difficulties? Well, the point is to correctly ask a question by word, and then to understand its semantic meaning. So, the question remains unresolved, how is it spelled correctly: “written” or “written”? We will deal in stages, so that everyone and everyone will understand.
The word "written" refers to a group of short participles. But that is not all. Let's take a closer look. The word refers to the past tense. In addition, it is a passive participle.
Basic rule
“Written” or “written”? Everything is very simple, if you remember the basic rule: any brief forms of passive participles that stand in the past tense are written with one suffix -n-.
Therefore, it is spelled correctly "written." Examples of past participles: read , marked, and so on. In addition, participles are also written with the suffix -n-, which belong to the group of impersonal: smoked , dirty and the like.
Similar rules
Many often confuse the requirement mentioned above with another. Short forms of qualitative adjectives in form often coincide with the passive participles of the past perfect form. If the word belongs to the group of adjectives, then the suffix consists of doubled “nn”. Here it is very important to understand which part of a speech a particular word refers to, and this can only be understood by realizing its main meaning.
Examples: educated (from the adjective "educated"); sublime (from the adjective "sublime"); abandoned (from the adjective "abandoned") and so on.
Another rule that students use incorrectly is the algorithm for writing adjectives that end in -ny. Very well this difference is illustrated by an example: " She is faithful and faithful ." The word "devotee" is written with the suffix -nn- because it carries a meaningful comparison. In this case, however, there is no strict pattern for writing doubled “nn”. It is possible to spell the suffix -n-, depending on how the author himself sees. But if we talk about a similar sentence: “She is betrayed by sadness,” then it is already impossible to write a double “nn”. Because the adverb goes into the category of participles and acts as a verb. In addition, in the second case, additional proposal members are needed that answer the questions “to whom?” and "what?".
Major mistakes
Very often, schoolchildren confuse the participles and adverbs. It is actually complicated. It is difficult for many to see the difference between the two parts of speech, because they answer very similar questions. The difference is only in the semantic load of these words. If we are talking about adverbs, then these words answer the question “how?”. If we are talking about participles, then the point is that these words are always associated with verbs.
Choosing the Right Rule
Due to the fact that many schoolchildren and students get confused between dialects and participles, the wrong rule is often chosen. And it is not able to give the right answer to the question of how correctly: "written" or "written"? ”
In fact, there is such a rule for adverbs: with the suffix -nn- they write words formed from adjectives with the same suffix. For example, excitedly (from the adjective “excited”); accidentally (from the adjective "accidental"), desperately ("desperate"). There are a lot of such examples.
In addition, there are other rules for adverbs, which act as exceptions. Among them are such as “confused”, “learned”, “windy”, which are always written with only one “n”.
Conclusion
In order to understand how to correctly formulate the sacrament: “written” or “written”, it is necessary to understand the semantic load of the word, as well as what part of the speech it refers to. It is necessary to learn to do this for everyone who is really worried about their spelling and strives to write texts and individual sentences without errors.
In addition, it is worth remembering one important feature of the participles, which will undoubtedly help in difficult cases: “written” or “written”, “read” or “read”. In participles in full form, the double suffix -nn- is always written. In the short ones, on the contrary, one suffix -n- is always written.