Fire is a disaster that can destroy everything in the area. It is good that now there are services involved in its prompt elimination. But it happens that it is necessary to extinguish fires with a lack of water. Or under other difficult conditions that greatly complicate the whole process. I would like to talk about such cases in more detail.
Complicated environment
It is very difficult to extinguish fires with a lack of water - especially when there are no sources at the place of ignition where you can replenish supplies. Still the same problem arises if they are far from a flaming object. Low air temperatures in the winter and cold months can also be an obstacle. Like a strong wind. Extinguishing also becomes difficult if night reigns in the yard. But one of the most serious cases is the fires that occurred in places where there are explosive, radioactive and emergency chemical poisons.
Conditions may vary. In especially difficult situations, the personnel must show great endurance, dedication, ingenuity, efficiency and fearlessness. As well as excellent knowledge of fire fighting equipment.
First steps
Now it is worth listing the features of extinguishing fires with a lack of water. First of all, the head of the rear should inform the management that there is no necessary amount of liquid. The parent should be aware that the original plan to eliminate combustion will be amended.
After that, the staff takes measures regarding the search for additional sources of water. Local workers, ordinary citizens, police are involved in the search. At the same time, an emergency reconnaissance (site survey) must be carried out. A geographic map is used to speed up the process. And everything should be done as quickly as possible. After all, fire continues to destroy everything that occurs in its path, and every second counts.
Preparatory measures
If it is necessary to extinguish fires with a lack of water, then several more important factors must be taken into account. And focus on them by performing the above actions.
When deciding on a method for ensuring a stable supply of water to an ignition facility, one needs to know (at least approximately) how large the water supply is near the scene. Also what is the distance from the fluid source to the fire. The specificity of the relief is also taken into account. And the condition of access to the water source must also be taken into account. A clear, unhindered path should lead to it. Otherwise, the situation will become even more complicated.
If at the place of ignition there are containers of filled sources, then the chief is obliged to organize the supply of water to them. Permissible permutation of motor pumps motor pumps. Only previously you need to prepare hose lines.
If the water supply network has a very low pressure, which cannot be increased, fire hydrants must be installed on hydrants. There is another option. Wells of hydrants can be used as intermediate tanks with fluid intake from them. Quite often this is how fire extinguishing occurs when there is a lack of water.
Organization of water supply for pumping and construction of temporary piers and tanks for liquids is also allowed. This practice has been observed in the elimination of complex and prolonged fires.
Other solutions to the problem
Only a few options were listed above, through the use of which fire extinguishing can be carried out with a lack of water. The methodological plan in such cases is inappropriate, since situations are unpredictable. However, personnel should always have a backup option.
Before arriving at the place, you need to find out if there is any open water there. It can be a pond, lake, river or canal. One condition is important - the high position of the water horizon. And a good entrance to the source. In the event that the horizon is low, and it is impossible to get to the reservoir, the head organizes the abstraction of water using motor pumps, ejectors and hydraulic elevators.
It happens that the fluid supply can not be carried out along the main lines. There is no appropriate equipment or fire hoses, for example. In this case, it is necessary to organize the supply of water in tanks. Dairy trucks, fuel trucks, watering machines are involved - all the means adapted for this.
What else do you need to consider?
In the work of rescuers, the tactics of extinguishing fires with a lack of water are extremely important. The main task of each of them is to ensure an uninterrupted supply of fluid. For this, any equipment can be used - a station for car pumps, river and sea vessels, and even fire trains.
It is very important to establish timely communication with the water services of the city / settlement. You can request network plans and drawings. If the pressure in the water pipes is too weak, you need to start up additional pumps or turn off the fluid supply in other areas in order to direct its maximum amount to eliminate the source of ignition. This is usually how fires are extinguished with a lack of water.
The organization of water supply is important, but personnel, paying off the hearth, should save it. That is why you need to use barrels with spray guns and small diameter sprays. And also, if there are internal fire hydrants, then they are primarily used.
Liquidation of the outbreak without fluid
So, it was described above how to extinguish fires with a lack of water. Briefly it is worth talking about the elimination of fire without the use of liquid.
Powder fire extinguishing is now widely used . These are modular units that are versatile. They are used to eliminate a fire of any class. But there are also disadvantages. The disadvantages include a low degree of penetration of the substance, due to which the localization rate and effectiveness are reduced. Visibility is also deteriorating - moving around the facility and terrain is complicated. And the most significant minus is that the powder effect causes great damage to property.
In this regard, better gas systems. They do not harm property. Usually used in museums, libraries, research institutes, and even in server rooms. The option is economical. In addition, using it, you can put out a fire without turning off the electricity.
Also used are aerosol systems that are harmless to humans and foam.
Winter fire extinguishing
A couple of words should be said about extinguishing fires with a lack of water at low temperatures. It is clear to everyone what difficulties the personnel have in such a situation.
If it is -10 ° and lower in the yard, then fire fighting equipment may fail. Of course, work can be resumed, but it takes precious seconds. Therefore, in this case, in order to avoid equipment failure, it is necessary to use fire barrels with a high flow rate. Sleeve connecting heads must be protected with everything they can - even with snow. Branching, if laid outside, must be insulated. But it is better to lay them indoors, inside the building.
Also, overlaps of hose branches or fire barrels must not be allowed. And, moreover, shutdown the pumps. It is also important to determine the places where you can fill the tanks with hot or at least warm water. It may also be needed to warm up sleeves that are frozen in places of bends.
When is fluid contraindicated?
Well, how to extinguish fires with a lack of water is understandable. Now - a few words about in which cases the use of the liquid is contraindicated.
Water can not extinguish any ignited petroleum products - be it kerosene, napalm or gasoline. If you pour it on them, then the substance, continuing to blaze, simply floats up (since it is lighter) and spreads, spreading fire over a larger area.
It is still impossible to repay with water electrical installations that are energized. Liquid is an excellent electrical conductor. Which, when exposed to such an installation, can kill a person if he inadvertently comes into contact with her (having simply stepped into a puddle).
And it is forbidden to fill with water substances that enter into a reaction with it, which entails the release of explosive gases. These are quicklime, calcium carbide and more.
Behavior
In the end - a little about what actions should be taken in case of fire. The first thing to do is to call the fire department and help those who find it difficult to do it on their own â elderly people, people with disabilities, children and animals (you should not forget about the smaller brothers). It is also necessary to disconnect the gas supply and electrical appliances from the network. If it is impossible to extinguish the hearth with improvised means, you must leave the room and close the door to it. But do not lock the key. It is advisable to pour cold water on the door and cover all kinds of gaps with a wet cloth.
And, most importantly - a minimum of panic. In emergency situations, a cold mind is important. Emotions only interfere with actions.