A monologue is a statement by one person presented verbally or in writing. At the same time, active speech is designed for a passive perception of who it is intended for. The recipient can get acquainted with the essence of the monologue in direct or indirect communication. In case of delayed contact between the addressee and the author of the message, there must be a mediator, usually technical devices, writing, printing.
Comparison of monologue and dialogue
If a dialogue is an exchange of remarks between two or more interlocutors, then a monologue is a detailed and informative speech, the author of which must take care of its information content. During the dialogue, the interlocutors constantly change the roles of the listener and the speaker, each statement causes a corresponding reaction. Gestures, intonation, facial expressions help to maintain a conversation. The monologue does not have all of this; the recipient does not have the opportunity to ask the author about something or clarify the details.
Types of Monologue
An expanded statement usually represents a substantial amount of text. It is organized in a formal and semantic sense and is a single whole. For all functional styles of speech, a monologue is acceptable, but in each of them it manifests itself in the form of different monological genres. In a scientific style, it can be a review, article, or monograph. A letter and a story are distributed in colloquial, an essay, note, review, correspondence in a journalistic one. In an official business style, a monologue is a certificate, law, report or decree.
The author of a detailed statement should always address his message to someone; he cannot talk to himself. The addressee can be personal or mass, the construction of the text, its fullness and perception features depend on this. A monologue is always opposed to dialogue, from their combination, as a rule, artistic prose genres are built. Although expanded speech refers to passive communication, it retains its communicative nature. Each monologue is dialogical, just the features of the dialogue are a little peculiar and pushed to the side.
Monologue Types
All monologues are divided into several types, depending on the functional-semantic attribute laid down in the basis of the text. The most common are the narrative, description and reasoning. Narrative texts belong to the genre of the story and underlie novels and short stories. They are characterized by a description of events in dynamics. The characteristic of the monologue in this case includes exposure, complication, development, climax, denouement.
The description is a
type of speech containing an enumeration of the elements and attributes of an object, its external characteristics, phenomena in statics, internal signs. This variety is similar to a narrative, but the verbs here are not used to develop an action, but to characterize an object. Reasoning is a
type of mental activity, the most common are explanations and syllogisms.
A monologue is a competent statement of one’s own thoughts, observations, and conclusions. It requires the author of a certain speech preparedness, plan and purpose.