The lessons of the Russian language and literature at the school are very exciting, but there are also certain difficulties. One of them is writing a statement. In this task, we need to shorten the teacher’s story or the available information without losing the main idea. That is why today we will consider possible ways of compressing the text and consolidate the knowledge gained with specific examples. Be sure to watch them, they will help you deal with the method. We will take elementary examples for reference.
Before we look at ways to compress text, you need to understand that you cannot mindlessly delete parts of it (sentences and paragraphs). It is necessary to understand, to understand the main idea. It is best to divide the entire text into semantic blocks, each heading, based on the received plan, to continue work.
An exception
Text compression methods are very diverse. Suggestions can be combined, shortened, simplified, but first of all we want to pay attention to such a method as an exception.
This does not mean that you can simply take and throw out a too long sentence, no, it can be noticeably shortened by eliminating some words. What can be thrown out of the source text without losing meaning? Here is a short list:
- synonyms;
- repetitions;
- homogeneous members of a sentence;
- a fragment that does not carry a semantic load;
- sentences with descriptions and reasoning.
Carefully reread the original sentence and the resulting one. The second should be compact, but without prejudice to the meaning. In order to be more clear, we give an example.
"Balls, garlands, sweets hung of incredible beauty on the tree, it shimmered with various colors: yellow, red, blue, green." We gave a specially very simple example for training. Try to apply text compression methods on your own, or rather, exclusion and generalization. We get: "There were a lot of toys hanging on the tree, which were shimmering in different colors." They have not lost their meaning, but the proposal is many times shorter than the original one.
Generalization
In order to get a high score on the exam, you just need to know how to compress the text of the presentation. Now we move on to the second - generalization. In the previous example, we already resorted to this method when we replaced the names of various Christmas-tree decorations with one word “toys”. We have summarized several minor parts. How to act? We find similar complex sentences, isolate the homogeneous in them and find the speech form with which they can be replaced.
"Dandelions, buttercups, daisies, poppies, tulips and bells grew in the meadow." What word can replace this endless enumeration? Of course, the "flowers." We get a compact proposal: "Different flowers grew on the meadow."
The methods for compressing the text of the presentation are diverse, but most often they use a generalization. What else can we combine? If in the text several sentences in a row tell about the same thing, then one complex sentence can be made.
Simplification
We looked at some ways to compress text with examples, but did not pay attention to simplification. This is a very significant tool in this kind of work. Let's get started!
We can simplify a complex and long sentence, that is, break it down into simple ones. Of course, this technique must be used in conjunction with others. Almost any complex sentence can be replaced by a simple one. Do not forget about this feature. Check it out?
"I had already gone to bed when the last rays of the sun were slowly leaving the roofs of the houses." We get "I went to bed at sunset." Another example: "Mom got up early today to have time to prepare a birthday cake for my birthday." We get "Mom got up early to bake a cake."
You can also use the method of translating direct speech into indirect speech or formulating the main idea of the text in your own words.
Receptions
In order to shorten the text, often pay attention to some tricks. So, we outline the main ways of compressing the text, so that it is easier to remember:
- replacement;
- an exception;
- merger.
What can we replace: homogeneous members, text fragments, complex sentences with simple sentences, dialogue with indirect speech. We exclude everything that does not carry a meaning: repetitions, synonyms, sentences with a description or reasoning. Mergers are subject to similar offers if they are talking about the same thing.
Compression technique
First, we carefully read the text and divide into semantic blocks, so we draw up a plan on which we will rely when writing the presentation.
We single out the main idea. We are looking for "useless" fragments of text that can be immediately removed. Simplify complex, large phrases and sentences. We apply all the methods and tools for compression that were given in this article. Do not forget to replace direct speech with indirect, as the volume of the text will be significantly reduced.