People, placed in the same social conditions, in most cases achieve results that are different from each other. Explaining why this happens, we often turn to the concept of "human ability." In psychology, this term has several interpretations. The most clear-cut wording was proposed by R. Nemov, designating abilities as individual psychological characteristics of a person, which cannot be reduced to the knowledge and skills of a person, but explain their quick and easy acquisition in any activity.
It should be noted that everything has a beginning. Human abilities also have a similar "reference point", which is called inclinations. They are often not defined and are not aimed at anything. Only their inclusion in the structure of activity can bring a certain result. Under the "makings" in psychology understand the anatomical and physiological features that underlie future abilities. At the same time, they can develop in absolutely any direction. The sphere to which human abilities will relate depends on the orientation of the personality and the effectiveness of the activity. You can show your individuality in mathematics, creativity, sports, fine arts, etc. If a person ceases to use any abilities, then they gradually fade away. To stimulate their manifestation and further development is possible only by constant studies in the selected field.
If we talk about the classifications of this issue, then there are a lot of them. So, they distinguish general and special, practical and theoretical, creative and educational abilities, etc. It is worthwhile to dwell in more detail on the characteristics of some of them.
So, general abilities are those properties that determine the success of a person in various types of activity. This includes a well-developed memory, the ability to quickly and clearly perform mental operations, good speech and more. Special abilities characterize the success of a person in a certain type of activity. Here you can talk about mathematical, sports, technical, linguistic and other makings. General and special abilities very often exist together, complementing each other. In order to harmoniously develop them, you must constantly work on it.
It is necessary to highlight the concept of giftedness in the structure of abilities . This is a qualitative combination of personality traits, as a result of which we can talk about the success of the assimilation of knowledge and skills in a certain activity. A gifted, talented child (or adult) is a person who easily and quickly absorbs new information, processes it and gives a qualitatively new result in a certain field. It is people who possess these characteristics that advance progress in all sciences. After all, great discoveries are born. The hidden possibilities of man are great enough. And it is advisable in early childhood to begin to develop the makings and abilities, so that in the future a gifted personality will grow. For this, usually, in kindergarten and at school, certain classes are held, the orientation of the child is studied, his inclinations and the sphere of their direction are diagnosed.
The educational and creative abilities of a person are also distinguished. In the first case, it is a success in training and education, the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge. On the contrary, creative abilities are aimed at creating new ideas, inventions, objects of culture and art. Success in any field is ensured only when the inclinations begin to develop at an early age. At the same time, it is desirable that the child's activity be creative in nature, the motivation for learning is brought up in the child.